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摘要 :为明确农业迁飞性蛾类害虫在我国迁飞过渡带地区的种群动态。2015年—2019年,在河南省漯河市利用高空探照灯对迁飞性蛾类害虫进行监测。结果表明,5年诱集的主要迁飞性蛾类害虫共计7种70 026头,其中夜蛾科主要包括棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner)、黏虫Mythimna separata (Walker)、甜菜夜蛾Spodoptera exigua (Hübner)、小地老虎Agrotis ipsilon (Rottemberg)、二点委夜蛾Athetis lepigone (Mschler)和草地贪夜蛾Sfrugiperda (J.E.Smith),螟蛾科主要包括稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée,不同种类间年诱虫量差异较大。从5年的诱虫总量来看,棉铃虫和黏虫为优势种;小地老虎、二点委夜蛾和甜菜夜蛾为丰盛种;稻纵卷叶螟为常见种。混合种群发生盛期在5月下旬至6月中旬、7月中旬至8月下旬、8月下旬至9月下旬。棉铃虫每年形成4个高峰期,其中8月-9月(第3代和第4代)诱蛾量最大,占5年诱虫量的80.11%。黏虫有3个发生高峰期,分别在5月下旬至6月中旬、7月中旬和9月中旬。草地貪夜蛾于2019年8月15日灯下首见,和其他6种蛾类当年同期诱虫数量比较,为常见种。
关键词 :迁飞性蛾类; 高空探照灯; 棉铃虫; 黏虫; 发生盛期; 草地贪夜蛾
中图分类号:
S 433.4文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020078
Monitoring and analysis of migratory moths trapped by the
searchlight in Luohe, Henan province
CHEN Qi1, DUAN Yun2, HOU Yanhong1, LIU Di1, FAN Zhiye1, SHEN Hailong1,
CHEN Li1, LI Leilei1, WANG Wenhao1, DUAN Chenyu3, HUANG Jianrong2*, LI Shimin1*
(1. Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Observing and Experimental Station for Plant Protection in Yancheng, Henan Province, Luohe 462300, China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy
of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 3. Wuyang Meteorological Service, Luohe City, Henan Province, Luohe 462400, China)
Abstract
In order to observe the population dynamics of migratory moths across the transition zone in China, migratory moths were monitored by searchlight trap at the base of Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, from 2015 to 2019. Totally 70 026 flying moths belonged to seven species in two family (Noctuidae and Pyralidae) were trapped. The main species of Noctuidae were Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Mythimna separata (Walker), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner),Agrotis ipsilon (Rottemberg), Athetis lepigone (Mschler) and S. frugiperda (J.E.Smith). The main species of Pyralidae was Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. There was great difference of annual total numbers among different month species. According to the number of migratory moths trapped in five years, the dominant species were H.armigera and M.separata. The abundant species were S.exigua, A.ipsilon and A.lepigone. C.medinalis was a common species. The emergence peaks of mixed population were in late May to middle June, middle July to late August and late August to late September. Four peaks of H.armigera were formed every year. More trapping number,80.11% of all the numbers of five-year trapped, was found from August to September (the third and fourth generation), and the generations overlapped obviously. The peaks of M.separata were in late May to middle June, middle July and middle September, respectively. S.frugiperda was first trapped by the searchlight on August 15, 2019. Compared with other six moths in the same period in 2019, it was thought as a common species. Key words
migratory moth; searchlight; Helicoverpa armigera; Mythimna separata; emergence peak; Spodoptera frugiperda
遷飞是昆虫对栖息地资源发生季节性或偶然性变化时进化出的一种适应性对策[1]。昆虫通过远距离迁飞可以躲避不良环境,而最大限度地利用自然资源繁衍种群[2]。迁飞性害虫以其突发性、暴发性和毁灭性的特点始终威胁着我国的粮食安全[34]。近年来,草地螟Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus、黏虫Mythimna separata (Walker)和稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée等重大害虫在我国频繁发生和大面积暴发[58],其迁飞致灾问题十分突出,已成为影响我国粮食产量和品质的主要因素之一。
通过有效的监测工具,在昆虫迁飞的主要通道上进行监测,实现迁飞害虫迁入前的早期预警,才能准确开展防控,减少农业损失[9]。高空探照灯作为迁飞性害虫种群监测的有效工具,在对黏虫、草地螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl等迁飞性害虫的监测预警方面发挥了重要作用[1014]。河南省漯河市位于我国南北气候的过渡地带,每年春季大量迁飞性昆虫的越冬代成虫经过该地向北迁飞,在北方繁殖数代后,秋季陆续经过该地向南回迁[1516]。本研究利用高空探照灯对漯河市的迁飞性害虫进行种群监测,以期为该市以及全国迁飞性害虫的动态区域预报和有效防控提供指导。
1 材料与方法
1.1 监测工具
设置高空探照灯(以下简称探照灯)1台,由GT75型探照灯制作而成(上海亚明公司生产),主波长380~680 nm,其ZJD 1 000 W金属卤化物灯泡发出的光柱可对500 m高度以内的空中虫群产生明显的诱集作用[17]。探照灯下方放置接虫专用毒桶收集扑灯昆虫,桶内放置浸有高含量敌敌畏的棉球,诱集到的昆虫经过漏斗进入含农药的桶内直接毒死,以保持虫体完整便于昆虫种类的鉴定[18]。
1.2 试验方法
2015年—2019年的3月-11月,在漯河市农业科学院五里岗试验基地(33°36′N,113°59′E)进行试验。探照灯安放在基地工作储藏楼2楼楼顶,视野开阔,四周没有高大建筑物和树木遮挡。逐日检查诱捕到的昆虫种类和数量,并分别取20头黏虫、小地老虎雌蛾进行卵巢解剖(不足20头时则全部解剖),记录其发育程度与交配情况。
1.3 数据统计分析
用WPS Office 2019进行统计和数量动态分析,各代监测到的虫量最多的日期为高峰日。种群优势度Dominance(D)采用Berger-Parker优势度指数[19]进行分析,D=Ni/N。Ni为第i个物种的个体数量,N为所有物种的数量。当D≥0.1时,该物种为优势种;0.05≤D
关键词 :迁飞性蛾类; 高空探照灯; 棉铃虫; 黏虫; 发生盛期; 草地贪夜蛾
中图分类号:
S 433.4文献标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020078
Monitoring and analysis of migratory moths trapped by the
searchlight in Luohe, Henan province
CHEN Qi1, DUAN Yun2, HOU Yanhong1, LIU Di1, FAN Zhiye1, SHEN Hailong1,
CHEN Li1, LI Leilei1, WANG Wenhao1, DUAN Chenyu3, HUANG Jianrong2*, LI Shimin1*
(1. Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, National Agricultural Observing and Experimental Station for Plant Protection in Yancheng, Henan Province, Luohe 462300, China; 2. Institute of Plant Protection, Henan Academy
of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 3. Wuyang Meteorological Service, Luohe City, Henan Province, Luohe 462400, China)
Abstract
In order to observe the population dynamics of migratory moths across the transition zone in China, migratory moths were monitored by searchlight trap at the base of Luohe Academy of Agricultural Sciences, from 2015 to 2019. Totally 70 026 flying moths belonged to seven species in two family (Noctuidae and Pyralidae) were trapped. The main species of Noctuidae were Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), Mythimna separata (Walker), Spodoptera exigua (Hübner),Agrotis ipsilon (Rottemberg), Athetis lepigone (Mschler) and S. frugiperda (J.E.Smith). The main species of Pyralidae was Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée. There was great difference of annual total numbers among different month species. According to the number of migratory moths trapped in five years, the dominant species were H.armigera and M.separata. The abundant species were S.exigua, A.ipsilon and A.lepigone. C.medinalis was a common species. The emergence peaks of mixed population were in late May to middle June, middle July to late August and late August to late September. Four peaks of H.armigera were formed every year. More trapping number,80.11% of all the numbers of five-year trapped, was found from August to September (the third and fourth generation), and the generations overlapped obviously. The peaks of M.separata were in late May to middle June, middle July and middle September, respectively. S.frugiperda was first trapped by the searchlight on August 15, 2019. Compared with other six moths in the same period in 2019, it was thought as a common species. Key words
migratory moth; searchlight; Helicoverpa armigera; Mythimna separata; emergence peak; Spodoptera frugiperda
遷飞是昆虫对栖息地资源发生季节性或偶然性变化时进化出的一种适应性对策[1]。昆虫通过远距离迁飞可以躲避不良环境,而最大限度地利用自然资源繁衍种群[2]。迁飞性害虫以其突发性、暴发性和毁灭性的特点始终威胁着我国的粮食安全[34]。近年来,草地螟Loxostege sticticalis Linnaeus、黏虫Mythimna separata (Walker)和稻纵卷叶螟Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée等重大害虫在我国频繁发生和大面积暴发[58],其迁飞致灾问题十分突出,已成为影响我国粮食产量和品质的主要因素之一。
通过有效的监测工具,在昆虫迁飞的主要通道上进行监测,实现迁飞害虫迁入前的早期预警,才能准确开展防控,减少农业损失[9]。高空探照灯作为迁飞性害虫种群监测的有效工具,在对黏虫、草地螟、稻纵卷叶螟、稻飞虱Nilaparvata lugens Stl等迁飞性害虫的监测预警方面发挥了重要作用[1014]。河南省漯河市位于我国南北气候的过渡地带,每年春季大量迁飞性昆虫的越冬代成虫经过该地向北迁飞,在北方繁殖数代后,秋季陆续经过该地向南回迁[1516]。本研究利用高空探照灯对漯河市的迁飞性害虫进行种群监测,以期为该市以及全国迁飞性害虫的动态区域预报和有效防控提供指导。
1 材料与方法
1.1 监测工具
设置高空探照灯(以下简称探照灯)1台,由GT75型探照灯制作而成(上海亚明公司生产),主波长380~680 nm,其ZJD 1 000 W金属卤化物灯泡发出的光柱可对500 m高度以内的空中虫群产生明显的诱集作用[17]。探照灯下方放置接虫专用毒桶收集扑灯昆虫,桶内放置浸有高含量敌敌畏的棉球,诱集到的昆虫经过漏斗进入含农药的桶内直接毒死,以保持虫体完整便于昆虫种类的鉴定[18]。
1.2 试验方法
2015年—2019年的3月-11月,在漯河市农业科学院五里岗试验基地(33°36′N,113°59′E)进行试验。探照灯安放在基地工作储藏楼2楼楼顶,视野开阔,四周没有高大建筑物和树木遮挡。逐日检查诱捕到的昆虫种类和数量,并分别取20头黏虫、小地老虎雌蛾进行卵巢解剖(不足20头时则全部解剖),记录其发育程度与交配情况。
1.3 数据统计分析
用WPS Office 2019进行统计和数量动态分析,各代监测到的虫量最多的日期为高峰日。种群优势度Dominance(D)采用Berger-Parker优势度指数[19]进行分析,D=Ni/N。Ni为第i个物种的个体数量,N为所有物种的数量。当D≥0.1时,该物种为优势种;0.05≤D