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流行性感冒每年的反复流行,有时引起大流行,可因合并肺炎或导致心肺疾患或使原有疾病加重而发生死亡。流感病毒有A、B、C三型,引起流行的是A、B两型,病毒颗粒表面有红细胞凝集素(H)和神经氨酸酶(N)两种抗原变异。病毒按照抗原变异特别是H抗原构型变异的不同,越过既往流行感染而获得的免疫屏障而发病。已知这种抗原变异有A、B两型连续变异和只有A型的不连续变异,A型这种不连续变异又分为三个亚型,目前流行的是香港型(H_3N_2)和苏联型(H_1N_1)。随着分子水平研究的飞速发展和广泛应用,其抗原变异与预防疫苗的关系正成为重要研究课题。流感通过飞沫传播,从这种感染途径来看,有效的方法是预防接种。流感疫苗的预防效果,目前有各种评论,已确认有预防效果,但只能达到70～80%的程度,不象其他病毒疫苗那么强。当疫苗含有病毒株的H抗原构造和
The annual epidemic of influenza, sometimes causing a pandemic, can result in death from pneumoconiosis, cardiopulmonary disease or exacerbation of existing conditions. Influenza virus A, B, C three types, causing the epidemic is A, B two types of virus particles surface hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N) two antigenic variation. According to the antigenic variation of the virus, especially the variation of the configuration of the H antigen, past the immune barrier acquired by the epidemic of infection. It is known that there are continuous variation of A and B types and only discontinuous variation of A type. This type of discontinuous variation of A type is divided into three subtypes. At present, Hong Kong type (H_3N_2) and Soviet type (H_1N_1). With the rapid development and extensive application of molecular level research, the relationship between antigen variation and vaccine prevention is becoming an important research topic. Influenza spread through the droplets, from the perspective of this route of infection, the effective method is vaccination. The preventive effect of influenza vaccine, there are various comments, have confirmed the preventive effect, but only reached the level of 70 to 80%, unlike other virus vaccines so strong. When the vaccine contains the H strain of the virus strain,