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为建立昆明自然条件下产生小麦单倍体的技术体系,将6个小麦材料和3个玉米材料在昆明自然条件下分期播种,并进行小麦×玉米杂交试验。结果表明,在昆明自然条件下,小麦、玉米杂交可于5月中旬开始,10月中旬结束,持续期长达6个月;由于玉米花粉充足,采用“滚粉”法授粉,可显著提高授粉效率,杂交颖果结实率达88.77%~98.4%;授粉后晴好天气下的颖果结实率和得胚率分别为88.77%和19.94%,是阴雨天的2倍以上;田间取穗剥胚时间以授粉后17~19 d为宜,此时80%以上的单倍体胚直径均在0.5 mm以上,部分已有初步分化;发育饱满的颖果得胚率平均为24.8%,是干瘪颖果的2.95倍;单倍体胚培养的幼苗在昆明不需越夏,5月中旬到6月中旬杂交获得的单倍体苗移栽加倍后一般可于当年9~11月收获加倍单倍体种子。因此昆明的自然条件可为利用小麦×玉米大量诱导小麦单倍体提供便利,同时也有利于通过大量试验进一步完善该技术。
In order to establish a technical system for wheat haploid production under natural conditions in Kunming, six wheat materials and three maize materials were sown in Kunming under natural conditions and crossed with wheat × maize. The results showed that under the natural conditions of Kunming, the hybridization of wheat and maize began in mid-May and ended in mid-October for a period of up to 6 months. Pollination was significantly increased due to the pollination of corn by pollination The seed setting rate and the embryo germination rate were 88.77% and 19.94% respectively in sunny days when pollination was conducted, which was more than twice of that in cloudy and rainy days. After pollination 17 to 19 d is appropriate, at this time more than 80% of the haploid embryo diameter are more than 0.5 mm, some have been initially differentiated; full development of the embryo embryo average rate of 24.8%, is dry Ying Ying Of the 2.95 times; haploid embryos cultured seedlings in Kunming without summer, the hybrid mid-May to mid-June hybrid haploid seedlings doubled after the general harvest in September to November that double haploid seeds . Therefore, the natural conditions of Kunming can facilitate the use of wheat × maize to induce large amounts of wheat haploid, and also help to further improve the technology through a large number of experiments.