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作为欧洲犹太社会从传统向现代转型时期的组织形式,“隔都”反映了散居犹太人的生活方式与文化形态,因此对犹太历史而言是个绕不开的关键概念。而在“隔都”起源问题上,已有研究或含糊其辞,或错谬频出。本文通过对几项“隔都”法令的解读,认为真正意义上的“隔都”始自1516年的海上强国威尼斯,随后在反宗教改革的天主教会的大力推广下,欧洲犹太世界开始了一场“隔都化”运动。就其本质而言,“隔都”这种新型反犹形式是不同族群、宗教之间偏见与歧视的产物。
As the organizational form of the European Jewish society from the traditional period to the modern one, Ghetto reflects the life style and cultural form of diaspora Jewish people and is therefore a key concept that can not be separated from Jewish history. However, on the issue of the origins of the “Ghetto”, there are studies that have been vaguely made or fallacious. This article, through the interpretation of several “Ghetto capitals”, argues that the real “Ghetto” started with the maritime power of Venice in 1516. Subsequently, with the vigorous promotion of the Anti-Reformation Catholic Church, European Jewish The world started a campaign to “isolate the capital.” By its very nature, the new anti-Semitic form of “Gaza” is the product of prejudice and discrimination among different ethnic groups and religions.