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能源和用水是生产过程中的重要投入要素,在估算全要素生产率时不仅需要考虑资本和劳动力,也需要考虑能源和用水。将劳动力、资本、能源和用水作为投入指标,将地区生产总值作为产出指标来估算中国30个省份2004—2014年的全要素生产率。结果显示:总体上我国全要素生产率呈现逐年下降的态势。分区域来看,东部地区的全要素生产率最高并且呈现逐年递增态势。西部地区高于中部和东北部地区。在2006年之后,中国30个省份的全要素生产率有收敛的趋势。然后,运用动态自变量空间滞后模型来探寻省域全要素生产率的影响因素,结果发现:经济水平、第二产业比重、外商直接投资和出口比重的提高均能改善全要素生产率;而邻近地区的城镇化进程则降低了本地区的全要素生产率。
Energy and water are important inputs in the production process. When estimating total factor productivity, not only capital and labor need to be considered, but also energy and water use. Using labor, capital, energy and water as input indicators, GDP as an output indicator is used to estimate total factor productivity in 2004-2014 for 30 provinces in China. The results show that: overall, China’s total factor productivity has shown a downward trend year by year. In terms of sub-regions, the total factor productivity of the eastern region is the highest and shows an increasing trend year by year. The western region is higher than the central and northeastern regions. After 2006, total factor productivity in 30 provinces of China tended to converge. Then, using the dynamic lag model of space for independent variables to explore the influencing factors of total factor productivity in the province, the results show that the improvement of total factor productivity can be achieved through the improvement of economic level, the proportion of the secondary industry, foreign direct investment and export proportion; The process of urbanization has reduced the total factor productivity in the region.