对恶性肿瘤自然进程的了解是作出有效治疗的基础。临床上往往只观察到已受治疗肿瘤的发展过程,而动物实验则可观察到从肿瘤发生乃至肿瘤转移的连续发展过程。针对生物学、诊断学和治疗学存在的问题所提出的研究重点,制成了多种动物模型,集中在以下方面:①化学因素诱发膀胱肿瘤;②人类尿路肿瘤种植到免疫缺陷的裸鼠(异种移植模型);③在近亲繁殖的动物身上用化学因素诱发肿瘤和在 Knowledge of the natural course of malignancy is the basis for effective treatment. Clinically, only the development of treated tumors is often observed, and animal experiments can observe the continuous development from tumorigenesis to tumor metastasis. Focusing on the research questions in biology, diagnostics, and therapeutic problems, a variety of animal models have been developed, focusing on the following aspects: 1 Chemical factors inducing bladder tumors; 2 Human urinary tract tumors implanted in immunodeficient nude mice (Xenograft model); 3 Inducing tumors and chemical factors in inbred animals