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本文综述了高等动物存在两大相互依存、相互作用的完整的抗感染防御系统,即天然免疫的非克隆识别机制和以克隆选择为基础的获得性免疫。天然免疫的非克隆识别机制诱导抗原提呈细胞表达共刺激因子,触发获得性免疫反应,并通过释放细胞因子引导获得性免疫系统发生特异的免疫效应反应。在天然免疫反应中,通过胚胎细胞编码的受体识别病原体几种特有的保守分子,诱导天然免疫细胞表达抗菌肽、共刺激因子和效应细胞因子。认识天然免疫识别的分子机制,在疫苗设计和发展免疫治疗新举措上,意义重大。
This review summarizes the existence of two complete systems of anti-infective defense in higher animals that are interdependent and interacting, namely, the non-clonal recognition mechanism of innate immunity and the adaptive immunity based on clonal selection. The innate immune non-clonal recognition mechanism induces the expression of costimulatory factors in antigen-presenting cells, triggers an adaptive immune response and leads to a specific immune response to the acquired immune system by releasing cytokines. In innate immune responses, innate immune cells express antimicrobial peptides, co-stimulators and effector cytokines by recognizing several unique conserved molecules of the pathogen by receptors encoded by embryonic cells. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of innate immunity recognition is of great significance in the design of vaccines and in the development of new measures for immunotherapy.