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从世界各国的经验来看,在城镇化和工业化过程中多伴随着环境污染的问题,中国也不例外,江苏省沿江地区因工业发达表现也较为明显。经济学的“环境成本外部化”理论认为环境污染问题之所以难以解决,是因为本应该由企业承当的成本通过环境污染的方式转嫁给了污染企业以外的社会公众,企业盈利,而公众却为此付出了代价。要解决这个问题就要把环境污染造成的外部的成本重新由污染企业承担,这样企业才能重视环保问题。这种方法在法律上的表现,就是要企业严格承担环境责任,包括民事、行政甚至刑事责任,降低受害公众追偿成本,降低对污染企业追责门槛,提高对环境污染行为刑罚威慑力,以法律手段解决成本外部化的问题。
From the experience of all countries in the world, China is no exception to the problems of environmental pollution in the process of urbanization and industrialization. The performance of industrial development along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province is also obvious. Economics “Environmental Cost Externalization ” theory that the problem of environmental pollution is difficult to solve because the cost should be borne by enterprises through the way of environmental pollution passed to the public outside the polluting enterprises, corporate profits, and the public But paid the price for this. To solve this problem, the external costs caused by environmental pollution should be re-undertaken by the polluting enterprises so that the enterprises can attach importance to environmental protection. The legal performance of this method is that enterprises should strictly assume environmental responsibility, including civil, administrative or even criminal responsibility, reduce the cost of public recovery of victims, reduce the threshold for the responsibility of polluting enterprises, and increase the penalties for environmental pollution deterrence. The law Means to solve the problem of cost externalization.