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耐力运动表现与很多因素都高度相关,这些因素可以通过高原训练和低氧训练改变,包括增加红细胞量、提高最大有氧运动能力、增加毛细血管密度和提高有氧运动的经济性。针对短期和长期暴露在低氧环境中的生理适应性已有很多研究,发现从短期的不利影响到长期适应的过程可提高在高原和海平面比赛的运动表现。许多高原和低氧训练方案逐步被改良,包括通过在海平面、低、中、高不同海拔,以及自然或人工的海拔中生活和训练的各种组合,产生不同程度的训练效果。部分因素已被证实与低氧训练的个体反应有关,鉴定这些运动员最有可能受益于低氧训练的技术值得进一步研究。本研究建议的高住低练方案为;低海拔地区训练的同时,在足够的高度(2 000-3 000 m)每天至少生活12 h,周期最少为21天。尽管此类高住低练建议普遍存在.但有关高原训练时间和比赛运动表现的关系仍存在争论。
Endurance exercise performance is highly correlated with a number of factors that can be altered by altitude training and hypoxia training, including increased red blood cell mass, increased maximal aerobic capacity, increased capillary density, and improved aerobic exercise economics. Much research has been conducted on the physiological adaptability to short-term and long-term exposure to low-oxygen environments and found that the performance from short-term adverse effects to long-term adaptation improves the performance of the game at high altitude and sea level. Many plateaus and hypoxia training programs have been gradually modified to include varying degrees of training effects through various combinations of living and training at sea level, low, medium and high altitudes, and at natural or artificial elevations. Some of the factors that have been shown to be associated with individual responses to hypoxic training are identified and the techniques identified to most benefit these athletes from hypoxia training deserve further study. The proposed high-living and low-training program in this study is that, at the same time of training in low altitude areas, it should live at a sufficient height (2 000-3 000 m) for at least 12 hours a day with a minimum period of 21 days. Despite the prevalence of such advice, there is still debate about the relationship between plateau training time and game performance.