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目的对陕西省市售蔬菜中镍的含量进行检测,对数据进行统计分析,并评价其健康风险,可为新鲜蔬菜的食用及制定蔬菜中镍的限值提供一定参考。方法利用GB/T 5009.138—2003中的原子吸收分光光度法测定镍的含量,采用Origin检验数据正态分布状况,用Minitab进行数据的Box-Cox转换,并对陕西省居民经蔬菜途径摄入镍的人体健康风险进行描述。结果陕西省市售蔬菜中,镍超标率位居前三位的蔬菜品种分别为菠菜(25.9%)、油麦菜(20.0%)和菜花(11.8%),从蔬菜大类看,叶类菜最高(12.6%),其次是茎类菜和瓜菜类菜(5.0%)、甘蓝类菜(4.8%)。不同类别蔬菜中镍含量离异度较大,其原数据不符合正态分布,也不符合对数正态分布,经过Box-Cox转换后,鳞茎类蔬菜和鲜豆类蔬菜符合正态分布(P>0.05),其他类蔬菜仍不符合正态分布。结论陕西省蔬菜中镍含量离异度较大,部分品种镍含量超标,个别蔬菜中镍含量对人体存在一定的健康风险。
Objective To detect the content of nickel in vegetables sold in Shaanxi Province, and to make statistical analysis on the data and to evaluate its health risks, which can provide reference for the consumption of fresh vegetables and the limit of nickel in vegetables. Methods The atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GB / T 5009.138-2003) was used to determine the nickel content. Origin was used to test the normal distribution of data. Box-Cox data was transformed with Minitab. Human health risks described. Results Among the commercial vegetables in Shaanxi Province, the top three varieties of vegetables with over-standard-rate of nickel were spinach (25.9%), lettuce (20.0%) and cauliflower (11.8%) respectively. (12.6%), followed by stems and vegetables (5.0%), cabbage (4.8%). The dissimilarity of nickel content in different types of vegetables is larger, the original data do not accord with the normal distribution nor the lognormal distribution, and after Box-Cox conversion, the bulb vegetables and fresh legumes meet the normal distribution (P > 0.05), other types of vegetables still do not meet the normal distribution. Conclusions The content of nickel in vegetables in Shanxi Province is highly dissimilar, and the nickel content in some varieties exceeds the standard. The nickel content in some vegetables poses some health risks to human body.