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目的了解岗前人员职业卫生知识、态度和需求情况,提高岗前人员的职业防护意识,为今后更好地实施职业健康促进提供参考依据。方法对2013年10月-2014年12月来自不同类型、不同行业的在乌鲁木齐市疾病预防控制中心进行岗前职业健康体检者作为调查对象,发放调查问卷,收集调查资料。结果发放调查问卷436例,收回调查问卷415例(95.18%),有效问卷403例(97.11%)。调查对象对职业防护措施、职业有害因素的类型与危害和劳动者应享有的职业健康权利等方面的知晓率均较低,分别为29.53%、32.26%和34.24%。不同人群特征调查对象职业卫生知识得分情况表现在随着年龄的增长职业病防治知识获知率下降,民族中以维吾尔族职业病防治知识得分偏低,随着受教育的程度越高职业病防治知识知晓得分越高。在职业病防治态度方面表现为不同年龄、不同民族和不同文化程度得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。在健康教育需求模式上,更多的人愿意通过QQ群、微信的方式提供咨询服务,其次是专业老师授课方式。结论岗前职业健康体检人员职业病防治知识知晓率较低,对职业卫生健康教育的需求较高,需要加大、加强健康促进工作。
Objective To understand the occupational health knowledge, attitude and demand of pre-service staff and to raise the awareness of pre-service occupational protection so as to provide a reference for better implementation of occupational health promotion in the future. Methods From October 2013 to December 2014, pre-service occupational health examination in Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention from different types and industries was conducted. Questionnaires were distributed and survey data were collected. Results A total of 436 questionnaires were sent out, 415 cases (95.18%) were answered and 403 cases (97.11%) were valid questionnaires. The respondents reported relatively low awareness rates on occupational protection measures, types and hazards of occupational hazardous factors and occupational health rights they should enjoy, accounting for 29.53%, 32.26% and 34.24% respectively. The scores of occupational health knowledge in different population characteristics surveyed showed that the knowledge acquisition rate of occupational disease prevention and control decreased with age, and the scores of Uyghur occupational disease prevention and control knowledge among ethnic groups were low. As the level of education was higher, the knowledge-based knowledge of occupational disease prevention and control was scored higher high. The occupational disease prevention and treatment attitude showed different ages, different nationalities and different education level scores were statistically significant (P <0.05). In the mode of demand for health education, more people are willing to provide consulting services through QQ group and WeChat, followed by professional teachers. Conclusion There is a low awareness rate of occupational disease prevention and control knowledge among pre-service occupational health examination staff, and there is a high demand for occupational health education. Therefore, it is necessary to intensify the work to enhance health promotion.