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目的了解中国北方两地城乡居民对10种特殊人群的社会距离和接纳程度。方法采用分层随机系统抽样,调查北京市区10个居委会(n=503)和河北省武安县10个村庄(n=504)18岁及以上居民1007人。采用自行编制的社会距离及社交限制量表,评估城乡居民对10种特殊人群(曾犯罪入狱、患高血压病、有过自杀行为、是同性恋、有过严重抑郁症、感染艾滋病病毒、家人自杀死亡、有吸毒史、住过精神病院及曾酗酒)的社会距离和接纳程度。结果城市居民对熟悉人患高血压、有过自杀行为、是同性恋特殊人群的社会距离及社交限制得分高于农村(P<0.05);农村居民对熟悉人曾犯罪入狱、有吸毒史的社会距离及社交限制得分高于城市(P<0.01)。农村居民对陌生人有吸毒史、曾酗酒特殊人群的社会距离及社交限制得分高于城市(P<0.05)。女性对陌生人患高血压、有过自杀行为、是同性恋、有过严重抑郁症、感染艾滋病病毒、家人自杀死亡、住过精神病院及曾酗酒特殊人群的社会距离及社交限制得分均高于男性(P<0.01)。结论与城市居民相比,农村居民对曾犯罪入狱、曾酗酒及有吸毒史特殊人群的社会距离更远,接纳程度更差。女性对特殊人群的社会距离更远、接纳程度更差。
Objective To understand the social distance and acceptability of urban and rural residents in 10 special populations in northern China. Methods A stratified random sampling system was used to survey 1007 residents aged 18 and above in 10 neighborhood committees in Beijing (n = 503) and 10 villages in Wu’an County of Hebei Province (n = 504). A self-developed social distance and social restriction scale was used to assess the impact of urban and rural residents on 10 special populations (those who had committed crimes, such as high blood pressure, suicide, homosexuality, major depression, HIV infection, family members Suicide death, history of drug abuse, living in mental hospital and having had alcoholism) social distance and acceptance. Results The social distance and social restriction of urban residents who were familiar with hypertension and suicide behaviors were higher than that of the rural areas (P <0.05). The rural residents were familiar with the crimes of jail and drug abuse Distance and social restrictions score higher than the city (P <0.01). Rural residents had a history of drug addiction to strangers, and social disability and social restriction scores of special drunk people were higher than those in cities (P <0.05). Women with high blood pressure, suicide behavior, homosexuality, homosexuality, severe depression, HIV infection, family members’ deaths from suicide, social distance and social restriction scores of psychiatric patients and alcohol abuse-induced special populations were higher than those of men (P <0.01). Conclusions Compared with urban residents, rural residents are far away from the society where they have committed crimes, such as jail sentences, alcohol abuse and special groups with history of drug abuse. Women have a greater social distance from special populations and a lesser degree of acceptance.