文艺批评中客体和主体的关系文学艺术发展的历史证明,文艺批评是随着文艺创作的产生而产生的。在原始社会,人们已经自觉或不自觉地创作出了一些作品,但那时因种种条件的限制,还没有产生文艺批评。文艺作品,作为一个客观现象,是先于文艺批评而存在的。之后,文艺创作日趋丰富、繁荣,人们出于让文艺发挥出更积极的作用以及总结创作中的经验教训等等的目的,开始对作品进行介绍、解释和评论活动。于是就产生了文艺批评。随之,也就出现了如何处理批评家与批评对象的种种复杂关系问题。马克思说:“有意识的生命活动直接把人跟动物的生活区别开来。”有了意识,人就能够以自我为中心,建立一 The relationship between object and subject in literary and art criticism The history of the development of literature and art proves that literary and art criticism came about with the creation of literary and artistic creation. In the primitive society, people had consciously or unconsciously created some works, but at that time, due to various conditions, there was no literary criticism. Literary works, as an objective phenomenon, existed before literary criticism. After that, literary and artistic creation became richer and more prosperous. People began to introduce, explain, and comment on the works for the purpose of allowing the arts to play a more active role and summarizing the lessons learned in the creation. As a result, there was a literary criticism. Along with this, there are also problems with how to deal with the complex relationships between critics and critics. Marx said: “The conscious life activities directly distinguish people from animals’ lives.” With consciousness, people can be self-centered and build a