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目的:了解海南州2015年麻疹流行病学特征,有效控制麻疹疫情。方法:对海南州2015年麻疹疫情资料进行流行病学分析。结果:海南州2015年麻疹发病率为19.14/10万(92例),无死亡病例。病例主要发生于麻疹疫苗补充免疫活动之前的(3~5)月份,占77.17%;(0~1)岁组占病例总数的77.17%(71例),15岁以上组占病例总数的11.96%(11例);散居儿童占病例总数的88.04%(81例)。结论:海南州实施麻疹疫苗补充免疫活动之后,下半年麻疹发病大幅度下降,麻疹疫苗强化免疫效果显著,说明麻疹强化免疫是短时间内迅速提高人群免疫力,阻断麻疹病毒传播的有效手段。应继续加强麻疹类疫苗的接种力度,消除适龄儿童的免疫空白,有效降低麻疹发病率。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics of measles in 2015 in Hainan Province and to effectively control the epidemic of measles. Methods: The epidemiological data of measles in 2015 in Hainan were analyzed. Results: The incidence of measles in Hainan was 19.14 / 100 000 (92 cases) in 2015, with no deaths. The cases mainly occurred in months (3-5 months) before measles vaccine supplementary immunization activities, accounting for 77.17%; in the 0-1 year old group, 77.17% (71 cases) of the total cases and in the group of over 15 years old accounting for 11.96% of the total cases, (11 cases); scattered children accounted for 88.04% (81 cases) of the total number of cases. Conclusion: After the measles vaccine supplementary immunization program was implemented in Hainan, the incidence of measles dropped significantly in the second half of the year, and the measles vaccine boosting effect was significant. It indicated that measles immunization is an effective way to rapidly improve the immunity of the population and stop the transmission of measles virus in a short period of time. Should continue to strengthen measles vaccination efforts to eliminate immunological gaps in school-age children, effectively reduce the incidence of measles.