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目的:利用锥形束CT(cone-beam CT,CBCT)图像分析与石膏模型测量结合的方法,研究中国成人上前牙牙冠形态、牙槽嵴顶骨形态和牙龈形态的相关性,为临床种植美学提供解剖基础。方法:选取60名牙周健康且无明显牙颌畸形中国成人的CBCT三维重建图像,测量上前牙唇侧牙槽嵴顶骨缘弧度、牙间骨板宽高度,在石膏模型上测量唇侧游离龈缘弧度及龈乳头、中切牙牙冠宽高度;按牙冠宽/高比值分为两组,取比值最高的10人纳入短宽型牙冠组,最低的10人纳入长窄型牙冠组进行比较。结果:①上前牙区,不同牙位对应的唇侧牙槽嵴顶骨缘弧度、游离龈缘弧度均有差异,相同牙位对应的骨缘弧度和龈缘弧度显著相关(P<0.05);②除中切牙与侧切牙之间外(P=0.652,P>0.05),其余牙间区骨板外形与对应龈乳头外形显著相关(P<0.01);③与短宽型牙冠相比,长窄型牙冠唇侧游离龈缘弧度较小、更为弯曲(P=0.002),龈乳头更加细长(P=0.000)。结论:中国成人上前牙游离龈缘弧度、龈乳头形态与牙冠形态、牙槽嵴顶骨形态显著相关;牙冠呈长窄型、唇侧游离龈缘弧度小、龈乳头细长者种植修复的美学风险更大。
OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between crown shape of alveolar ridge, alveolar ridge morphology and gingival shape in China using the method of cone-beam CT (CBCT) image analysis combined with gypsum model measurement. Provide an anatomical basis. Methods: CBCT three-dimensional reconstructed images of 60 Chinese adults with no periodontal health and no obvious deformity were selected to measure the curvature of the parietal edge of the alveolar crest and the width of the intervertebral bone plate. Gingival margin and gingival papilla, incisor crown height; according to the crown width / height ratio is divided into two groups, the highest ratio of 10 were included in the short and wide crowns, the lowest 10 were included in the long and narrow crown Group to compare. Results: (1) There was a significant difference between the curvature of the apical margin of the labial alveolar ridge and the free gingival margin in the anterior teeth area and the different teeth. The radian of the gingival margin and gingival curvature were significantly correlated with the same teeth (P <0.05). ② The shape of the bone plate in the other interdental areas was significantly correlated with the shape of the corresponding papilla (P <0.01) except between the incisor and lateral incisor (P = 0.652, P> 0.05); ③ Compared with the short and wide crowns In the long and narrow crowns, the gingival margin of the gingival margin was smaller, more curved (P = 0.002) and the papilla was more slender (P = 0.000). CONCLUSION: There is a significant correlation between the gingival papilla morphology and the shape of the crown and the morphology of the alveolar ridge in Chinese adults. The shape of the crown is long and narrow and the gingival margin of the gingival papilla is small. The aesthetic risk is greater.