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目的研究老年糖尿病患者预防心血管疾病健康信念及心血管健康行为与因素现状,并探讨两者之间的相关性,为延缓病程进展,促进老年人心血管健康提供理论依据。方法于2016年7-11月选择衢州地区4个社区335例老年糖尿病患者作为研究对象。采用自行设计的一般资料调查表收集老年人基本情况;采用糖尿病患者预防心血管疾病健康信念量表(HBRCDS)评估老年糖尿病患者的健康信念;采用美国心脏学会(AHA)制定的心血管健康行为和因素评分系统评估老年糖尿病患者的健康行为和因素。用SPSS 17.0统计学软件进行t检验和方差分析,心血管健康行为与因素评分与HBRCDS得分的相关性采用Pearson相关分析。结果老年糖尿病患者HBRCDS得分为(80.04±4.55)分,平均每个条目得分为(3.20±0.80)分。具有理想心血管健康行为与因素的老年糖尿病患者中不吸烟者166名(49.55%),理想体育锻炼者106名(31.64%),理想盐摄入者107名(31.94%),理想体质指数者132名(39.40%),理想总胆固醇水平者148名(44.18%),理想空腹血糖水平者94名(28.06%),理想血压者76名(22.69%)。不同心血管健康行为与因素评分组的老年糖尿病患者感知易感性维度得分、感知严重性维度得分、感知障碍维度得分及HBRCDS总分得分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。心血管健康行为与因素总评分与感知易感性维度得分(r=0.12,P<0.05)、感知严重性维度得分(r=0.17,P<0.01)、感知障碍维度得分(r=0.21,P<0.01)、HBRCDS总分得分(r=0.29,P<0.01)呈正相关。结论老年糖尿病患者预防心血管疾病健康信念有待加强,医务人员应通过指导患者健康信念的形成与生活方式的转变,提高老年糖尿病患者的健康水平。
Objective To study the status of cardiovascular disease health beliefs and cardiovascular health behaviors and factors in senile patients with diabetes mellitus and to explore the correlation between them and to provide a theoretical basis for delaying the progression of the disease and promoting the cardiovascular health of the elderly. Methods From July to November, 2016, 335 elderly diabetes patients from 4 communities in Quzhou District were selected as the study subjects. The self-designed general information questionnaire was used to collect the basic information of the elderly. The health belief of elderly diabetes patients was evaluated by using HBRCDS. Cardiovascular health behaviors of the American Heart Association (AHA) Factor Scoring System to Assess Health Behavior and Factors in Elderly Diabetic Patients. SPSS 17.0 statistical software for t test and analysis of variance, cardiovascular health behavior and factor scores and HBRCDS score correlation using Pearson correlation analysis. Results The score of HBRCDS in elderly diabetic patients was (80.04 ± 4.55) points, and the average score of each item was (3.20 ± 0.80) points. There were 166 smokers (49.55%), 106 ideal exercise people (31.64%), 107 ideal salt intake (31.94%), ideal body mass index in elderly diabetic patients with ideal cardiovascular health behaviors and factors 132 (39.40%), 148 (44.18%) with ideal total cholesterol, 94 (28.06%) with ideal fasting blood glucose and 76 (22.69%) with ideal blood pressure. The scores of perceived susceptibility, perceived severity of severity, dimensions of perceived impairment, and total score of HBRCDS in elderly diabetic patients with different cardiovascular health behaviors and factors scores were significantly different (P <0.05, P <0.01). (R = 0.12, P <0.05), score of perceived severity (r = 0.17, P <0.01), score of perceived disability (r = 0.21, P < 0.01), HBRCDS score (r = 0.29, P <0.01). Conclusion Elderly patients with diabetes mellitus should be strengthened in their prevention of cardiovascular disease. Medical staff should improve the health of elderly patients by guiding the formation of healthy beliefs and lifestyle changes.