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从业权制度的视角来看,天津脚行内部缺乏有效的业权界定,使其在清末民初的业权交易中产生大量纠纷。对于天津脚行而言,始于1936年的脚行登记不仅仅是一种行业管理制度,也是一种业权界定制度。通过行业登记,脚行的业权实现了从行业惯例向政府制度的转化,获得官方界定与保障。但与此同时,脚行规避了法规的业权限制,保留了业权自行流转的行业惯例。在行业登记过程中,脚行业权人围绕业权界定发生了激烈纠纷,在利益驱动下不断建构与解构脚行的业权谱系,以争取政府的认可。经过激烈的争夺,天津最终形成全市脚行业权格局。
From the perspective of the ownership system, the lack of an effective definition of ownership in Tianjin’s footprints has caused a large number of disputes in the ownership transactions in late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China. For Tianjin’s footprints, the footprinting began in 1936 is not only an industry management system, but also a system of property definition. Through industry registration, the footprints of the ownership of the industry from the practice to achieve the transformation of the government system, access to the official definition and security. At the same time, however, footwork averted the rule of title restrictions and retained the industry practice of ownership transfer. In the process of industry registration, footer owners have fierce disputes over the definition of property rights and continue to construct and deconstruct the pedigree of footers driven by the interests so as to win the government’s approval. After fierce competition, Tianjin eventually formed the pattern of the city’s foot industry.