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目的分析荆州市5岁以下儿童死亡原因和变化趋势,为制定科学合理的干预措施提供依据。方法对荆州市8个县(市、区)2010—2014年5岁以下儿童死亡资料进行回顾性分析。结果 5年来荆州市5岁以下儿童死亡1 140例,其中婴儿死亡819例,新生儿死亡590例,新生儿、婴儿、5岁以下儿童死亡率年平均为2.08‰、2.88‰、4.01‰;5岁以下儿童前5位死因依次为早产或低出生体重、出生窒息、溺水、先天性心脏病、肺炎,死亡数及构成比分别为188例(16.49%)、152例(13.33%)、133例(11.67%)、124例(10.88%)、90例(7.89%);5岁以下儿童死在医院的构成比呈上升趋势,死前诊断级别在县(市、区)及以上医院的比例均稳定在75%以上。结论加强孕产妇和儿童的保健管理和健康教育,积极开展产前筛查和产前诊断工作,强化产、儿科医师急救技能培训,不断提高对高危孕妇、儿科重症的识别和救治能力,从而降低5岁以下儿童的死亡率。
Objective To analyze the causes and trends of death among children under 5 years of age in Jingzhou City and provide the basis for making scientific and rational interventions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the death data of children under 5 years of age from 2010 to 2014 in 8 counties (cities and districts) in Jingzhou City. Results In the past five years, 1 140 cases of children under 5 years of age were found in Jingzhou City, of which 819 were infant deaths and 590 were neonatal deaths. The average annual death rates of newborns, infants and children under 5 were 2.08 ‰, 2.88 ‰ and 4.01 ‰ 5 The top five causes of death were premature birth or low birth weight, birth asphyxia, drowning, congenital heart disease, pneumonia, the number of death and the constituent ratio were 188 cases (16.49%), 152 cases (13.33%) and 133 cases (11.67%), 124 cases (10.88%) and 90 cases (7.89%). The proportions of children under 5 years of age who died in the hospital were on the rise. The proportions of pre-mortem diagnosis in the counties (cities, districts) and above hospitals Stable above 75%. Conclusions Strengthen maternal and child health management and health education, actively carry out prenatal screening and prenatal diagnosis, strengthen the training of first aid skills for obstetric and pediatricians, and continuously improve the ability of identifying and treating critically ill patients with high-risk pregnancies and pediatric diseases, thus reducing Mortality rate of children under 5 years old.