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哈贝马斯认为,马克思混淆了劳动和相互作用,表现出把人与人的相互作用归结为技术性劳动的倾向,由此决定了马克思用类似于自然科学的方法研究社会,使主体的自我认识的综合被客观的劳动综合所代替。哈贝马斯提出区分劳动和相互作用的“新的范畴框架”,他把晚期资本主义矛盾的特点概括为科学技术扩张,劳动排斥相互作用。他把劳动和相互作用的关系理解为技术性劳动和道德交往实践的关系,这就把生产关系从研究框架中排除了出去,取消了根本改变资本主义生产关系的历史任务。他把马克思社会理论的适用范围局限于自由资本主义时期,曲解了马克思的观点,但也提出了一些有启发性的见解。
Habermas believed that Marx confused the labor and the interaction and showed the tendency of reducing the human-human interaction to the technical labor. Thus, Marx decided to study the society in a similar way to the natural science so that the subject’s self-awareness The synthesis is replaced by objective labor synthesis. Habermas proposes a “new category framework” that divides labor and interaction. He summarizes the characteristics of the late capitalist contradictions as the expansion of science and technology and the exclusion of labor from each other. He understood the relationship between labor and interaction as the relationship between technical labor and moral practice, which excluded the relations of production from the research framework and canceled the historical task of fundamentally changing the relations of capitalist production. He restricted the scope of Marx’s social theory to the period of free capitalism, misinterpreted Marx’s point of view, but also raised some enlightening opinions.