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明清易代,看似中国历史上循环往复的朝代更替,然其背后所蕴涵的重大意义,则显示出中国近代化的历程受到了暂时的挫折。在经历了社会秩序的巨大变动,以及礼教秩序得以重建之后,清初风俗举凡士风、礼乐、日常生活之类,随之亦发生了巨大的转变。所有这些足以证明,所谓的清承明制,所继承者仅仅是外在的制度躯壳,至于明制及其这一制度实施过程所蕴涵的士人灵魂,显已丧失殆尽。
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it seems that the cyclical reciprocation of the dynasties in the Chinese history has changed. However, the great significance behind it shows that the course of China’s modernization has been temporarily setback. After tremendous changes in social order and the reconstruction of the order of the ritual and the church, the customs of the early Qing dynasty took a great turn as customs, courtesy and music, daily life and the like. All of this proves that the so-called Qing dynasty and the system of successors are merely the body of the external system. As for the system of the Ming dynasty and the system of its implementation, the souls of the dignitaries are no longer exhausted.