卡氏肺囊虫引起的肺炎常是先天性免疫缺陷病、癌症或药物所致严重免疫抑制的早期表现。近期研究表明,其尚可作为获得性免疫缺陷综合征的一个诊断标志。目前,已将病因不明而伴有卡氏肺囊虫肺炎的成人和儿童患者列为 AIDS 可疑对象。本文综述了成人和儿童的卡氏肺囊虫肺炎。病原学卡氏肺囊虫为原虫,但其准确的分类学位置尚未有定论,有关分子生物学等方面也了解不多。囊肿直径为4～6μ,内含8个 Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia often caused by congenital immune deficiency disease, cancer or drug-induced early severe immunosuppression. Recent studies show that it can still serve as a diagnostic marker for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. At present, both adults and children with etiology of pneumocystitis accompanied by Pneumocystis carinii have been classified as suspicious of AIDS. This article reviews Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adults and children. Etiology of Pneumocystis carinii protozoa, but its exact taxonomic position has not yet been conclusive, the molecular biology and other aspects of little. Cyst diameter of 4 ~ 6μ, containing 8