以提出“软权力”著称的哈佛大学教授小约瑟夫·奈,在《理解国际冲突:历史与理论》中,重新审视了古希腊历史学家修昔底德的名著《伯罗奔尼撒战争史》,他认为伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发前,雅典人和斯巴达人处于“囚徒困境”中,小约瑟夫·奈重述了修昔底德对伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的著名论断:使战争不可避免的真正原因是雅典势力的增长和因而引起的斯巴达的恐惧。“修昔底德陷阱”即源于此。然而对伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的原因存在不同的意见,比如耶鲁大学古典学教授唐纳德·卡根在《伯罗奔尼撒战争的爆发》中认为:引起伯罗奔尼撒战争爆发的并不是雅典的崛 In his “Understanding International Conflict: History and Theory,” Josephine Chen, a professor at Harvard University who famously called for “soft power,” reexamined the famous Greek historian Thucydides’ In the history of war, he believed that before the war broke out in Peloponnes, the Athenians and the Spartans were in Prisoners ’Dilemma, and Joseph Nye reiterated Thucydides’ war on the Peloponnesian outbreak The famous reason: the real cause of the inevitable war is the growth of the forces of Athens and the resulting Sparta’s fear. “Thucydides trap ” is derived from this. However, there are different opinions on the reasons for the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War. For example, Donald Kagan, a professor of classical studies at Yale University, believes in the outburst of the Peloponnesian War that the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War Not the rise of Athens