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传说中发生于夏朝建立前夕的“史前大洪水”是否在大面积地区广泛存在,是学术界争议的问题之一。本文在综述黄河中—上游地区古洪水研究成果的基础上,对该区全新世以来的古洪水事件进行了统计分析。结果显示黄河中—上游大部地区可能在距今4 300~4 000 a时段曾集中发生过古洪水事件,同时该时段的古洪水事件在时间及空间范围上均能与传说中发生于黄河中游地区的“大禹治水”传说相对应。即本文的综述结果能够支持部分前人关于“史前大洪水”事件在黄河中—上游的广大地区可能真实存在的观点,且本文推测其很可能发生于距今4 300~4 000 a。此外,通过对比研究区周边气候记录,显示黄河中—上游地区古洪水事件发生的时段对应于全新世气候剧烈波动的时段,因此,本文认为,黄河中—上游大面积地区集中发生的古洪水很可能是对研究区全新世气候不稳定性的响应。
The legendary “prehistoric flood”, which occurred on the eve of the establishment of Xia and Xia dynasties, is widespread in large areas and is one of the controversial issues in academic circles. Based on the research results of the paleo-floods in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, this paper makes a statistical analysis of the pale flood events since the Holocene in this area. The results show that most of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River may have occurred in an interval of 4 300-4 000 a dating from ancient floods, and the ancient flood events in that time period can be compared with the legend in the middle reaches of the Yellow River Areas “Dayu flood ” legend corresponds to. That is to say, the review results of this article can support some of our predecessors’ views that “prehistoric floods” may actually exist in a large area above and below the Yellow River, and this paper speculates that it is likely to occur from 4 300 to 4 000 years ago. In addition, by comparing the climatic records around the study area, it shows that the period of paleo-flood events in the middle-upper reaches of the Yellow River corresponds to the period of severe fluctuation of the Holocene climate. Therefore, this paper argues that the ancient flooding concentrated in the large area of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River It may be the response to the instability of the Holocene in the study area.