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采用人工模拟降雨试验的方法,分析延迟型和减弱型2种雨型下紫色土地表微地形的空间变化特征,探讨其对地表产流过程和侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明,随降雨时间的推移,地表高程波动范围缩小并集中于(-5)～5mm之间,高程变化的最大值多出现在坡面中下部;延迟型降雨下,地表衰退所占面积比例分别为48.56%,45.28%和63.14%,减弱型降雨下分别为38.59%,36.58%和35.12%,前者第4,5级水系起始点向坡面上部迁移,后者起始点稳定在坡面中部。不同雨型下径流总量差异较小,但延迟型降雨侵蚀量高于减弱型降雨35.83%。
Using artificial simulated rainfall test, the spatial variability of the microtopography under the two types of delayed and abrupt rainforms was analyzed, and the effects on the surface runoff process and erosion and sediment yield were discussed. The results show that with the time of rainfall, the fluctuation range of surface elevation is narrowed and concentrated in the range of (-5) ~ 5mm, and the maximum of elevation changes appears in the middle and lower part of the slope. Under the delayed rainfall, the area proportion of surface decay 48.56%, 45.28% and 63.14% respectively, while the weakened rainfalls were 38.59%, 36.58% and 35.12% respectively. The first and fourth grade water systems migrated to the upper part of the slope, while the latter started at the middle part of the slope . The differences of total runoff under different rainfall types are small, but delayed rainfall erosion is 35.83% higher than weakened rainfall.