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将生态位理论引进作物生长系统研究中,探讨了作物生态位适宜度的内涵,建立了其数学模型;并依据大田水肥控制实验,对作物生态位适宜度值进行了定量分析。结果表明:在水分梯度上随着土壤水分含量的增加,作物生态位适宜度值呈上升趋势;适量施肥和播种后地膜覆盖均有增加叶面积指数,提高适宜度值和增加产量的效果。其中平水条件下施低肥、中肥和高肥,比不施肥样区的叶面积指数最大值分别增加了43.5%、80.7%和88.8%;适宜度值分别提高了6.4%、17.9%和23.0%;籽粒产量分别增加了25.0%、69.9%和90.9%。地膜覆盖30d和50d,作物适宜度值上升了13.9%和17.7%,作物产量增加了55.3%和70.3%。作物产量与其适宜度值之间呈现显著的线性相关关系。
The niche theory was introduced into crop growth system research, the connotation of crop niche fitness was discussed, and its mathematical model was established. Based on the field water and fertilizer control experiment, the niche fitness value of crop was quantitatively analyzed. The results showed that: with the increase of soil water content, the ecological niche fitness value of the water gradient showed an upward trend. With appropriate amount of fertilizer and post-planting plastic film mulching, the leaf area index increased, the fitness value increased and the yield increased. Among them, the average value of leaf area index increased by 43.5%, 80.7% and 88.8% respectively in low water, medium fertilizer and high fertilizer under the condition of flat water, and increased by 6.4%, 17.9% and 23.0% respectively %; Grain yield increased by 25.0%, 69.9% and 90.9% respectively. After 30 days and 50 days of plastic film mulching, crop suitability values increased by 13.9% and 17.7% respectively, and crop yields increased by 55.3% and 70.3% respectively. There was a significant linear correlation between crop yield and its fitness value.