神经管缺陷(neural tube defects,NTDs)作为仅次于先天性心脏病的第二大出生缺陷严重威胁着人类健康与人口质量。妊娠第3～4w,由于神经管闭合失败导致了包括无脑畸形、颅脊柱裂、脊髓脊膜膨出、脑膨出、脑积水等在内的一系列中枢神经系统疾病即为NTD。1964年,Hibbard BM。首次 Neural tube defects (NTDs), the second largest birth defect second only to congenital heart disease, are a serious threat to human health and population quality. In the third to the fourth trimester of pregnancy, a series of central nervous system diseases, including anencephaly, cranial spina bifida, myelomeningocele, encephalocele and hydrocephalus, resulted from the failure of neural tube closure. 1964, Hibbard BM. first