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非形式逻辑的发展拓开了有别于传统上对论证结构作微观分析的一种宏观分析视角,它关注论证中前提与结论识别的问题。标准方案是进行这种宏观结构分析即识别前提与结论间关系的工具。面对复杂的论辩实践,标准方案单主体性、静态性特征的窠臼使得其不足为用。非形式逻辑框架下的论辩情境概念使得标准方案的四种结构类型为批判性问题所激发,从而达成一种先前所缺失的主体际的、动态性的优势。作为一种融贯理论,还需在论辩情境下的标准方案的基础上增加反驳、反反驳和模态限定词等组成部分以形成扩展的标准方案,更完整地针对作为结果、作为过程与作为程序的所有论证,从而满足对日常论证进行宏观结构分析的需要。
The development of non-formal logic opens up a macroscopic analysis perspective which is different from the traditional microscopic analysis of the structure of argument, which focuses on the identification of premises and conclusions in the demonstration. The standard program is a tool for conducting this macro-structural analysis that identifies the relationship between the premise and the conclusion. In the face of complicated argument practice, the inferiority of the standard program’s subjectivity and static characteristics make it inadequate. The notion of a discursive situation under the non-formal logic framework has inspired the four structural types of the standard program to be inspired by critical questions, thereby achieving an inter-subjective and dynamic advantage previously missing. As a kind of coherence theory, it is also necessary to add components such as refutation, refutation and refutation and modal qualifications to form an extended standard program based on the standard programs in the context of argument, and to more completely target the results as the process and the act as Program of all the arguments, so as to meet the needs of the daily demonstration of macro-structural analysis.