论文部分内容阅读
道面结冰是北京地区高速公路交通安全的主要危害因素。利用北京地区2008-2015年28个ROSA交通气象站的结冰数据分析了北京地区高速公路道面结冰的基本特征。结果表明:(1)北京市高速公路道面结冰空间差异显著,不同高速公路结冰特征显著不同,同一高速公路不同路段结冰特征也明显不同,这与高速公路各路段局地气候存在差异有关。(2)道面结冰主要发生在北部和东部高速公路所在路段,以小汤山西桥站、顾家庄桥站、六道口桥站和丁各庄桥站道面结冰灾害最为严重。冬季道面结冰月变化显著,11月和3月,结冰次数较少,结冰持续时间短;12月、1月和2月结冰次数多,结冰持续时间长。(3)持续时间越长的结冰过程结冰次数越少。不同持续时间的结冰过程在各时段的结冰次数和累积结冰时长均存在明显差异,两者在各时刻的演变特征基本相同,峰值均出现在22:00,且在00:00之后呈明显减少趋势。(4)大部分站点慢车道比快车道更容易结冰,少部分站点快、慢车道结冰率近似,有的站点甚至快车道结冰率远高于慢车道。快、慢车道水或覆盖物厚度与交通站点所处位置的局地气象条件密切相关。(5)气温、道面温度和大地温度与水或覆盖物的厚度变化呈反相位,即温度越低,水或覆盖物的厚度越大。这可为北京地区道面结冰预报预警方法的开展提供着眼点和依据。
Road surface freezing is the main hazard factor of traffic safety in expressway in Beijing. Based on the icing data of 28 ROSA weather stations in Beijing during 2008-2015, the basic characteristics of surface freezes in expressways in Beijing area were analyzed. The results show that: (1) There is significant difference in the icy free space of the freeway in Beijing, the icing characteristics of different expressways are significantly different, and the icing characteristics of different sections of the same expressway are obviously different, which is different from that of the freeway related. (2) icing mainly occurred in the sections where the north and east freeways are located. The icing disaster was the most serious in the pavement of Xiaotangshan Xixiao Station, Gujiazhuangqiao Station, Liu Dakou Bridge Station and Dinggezhuangqiao Station. In January and March, the number of icing was less and the icing duration was shorter; the number of icing in December, January and February was more and the icing duration was longer. (3) The longer the duration of the icing process, the less icing. The icing process of different durations showed significant differences in the number of icing and the cumulative icing duration in each time period. The evolution characteristics of the two were basically the same at all times, the peaks appeared at 22:00 and after 00:00 Significantly reduce the trend. (4) Most of the stations have slower speed lanes than fast lanes, some of them are faster and have slower rates of idle lanes. Some stations even have fast lanes whose icing rates are much higher than those of slow lanes. Fast, slow lane water or cover thickness is closely related to the local meteorological conditions where the traffic station is located. (5) The temperature, pavement temperature and earth temperature are opposite in phase to the thickness of the water or the covering, ie the lower the temperature, the greater the thickness of the water or the covering. This may provide the basis and basis for carrying out the forecasting and warning methods of icy icing in Beijing area.