总结了１５例口腔粘膜原发性恶性黑色素瘤，对比研究了Ｆｏｎｔａｎａ染色、电镜观察和免疫组化方法检查在确诊恶性黑色素瘤方面的诊断价值。结果发现，１５例口腔粘膜原发性恶性黑色素瘤中，４例为无色素型黑色素瘤，这４例中Ｆｏｎｔａｎａ染色２例阳性。电镜观察的３例无色素型黑色素瘤，均未发现典型黑色素小体存在。１５例黑色素瘤的抗单克隆抗体染色全部阳性。本研究显示，对Ｆｏｎｔａｎａ染色阴性，可疑为恶性黑色瘤的病例，应做免疫组化染色，进一步确诊。 Fifteen cases of primary malignant melanoma of oral mucosa were summarized, and the diagnostic value of Fontana staining, electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry in diagnosing malignant melanoma were compared. The results showed that in 15 cases of primary oral mucosa malignant melanoma, 4 cases were amelanotic melanoma, Fontana staining in 4 cases 2 cases were positive. Electron microscopic observation of 3 cases of pigmented melanoma, no typical melanosome found. 15 cases of melanoma anti-monoclonal antibody staining were all positive. This study shows that Fontana stained negative, suspected malignant melanoma cases should be done by immunohistochemical staining for further diagnosis.