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目的对福建省23个不同地理种源的南方红豆杉Taxus chinensis var.mairei进行分析,以揭示其种源和种群的遗传多样性,为南方红豆杉资源的收集与保护提供一定的理论依据。方法利用RAPD分子标记技术,对福建省23个不同地理种源的南方红豆杉的遗传多样性进行分析。结果物种水平上的观测等位基因数(Na)为1.974 4,有效等位基因数(N_e)为1.603 8,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)为0.351 3,Shannon多样性指数(I)为0.522 8。不同种源的南方红豆杉的遗传多样性相对较高。通过对种源和种群的遗传多样性分析,发现23个不同种源的南方红豆杉的遗传距离变化幅度为0.240 4~0.912 0,遗传相似度的变化幅度为0.401 7~0.786 3。7个不同种群的南方红豆杉群体的遗传距离变化幅度为0.021 0~0.379 4,遗传相似度的变化幅度为0.684 3~0.979 2。根据Nei法计算南方红豆杉7个种群遗传多样性遗传相似度(D_(st))为0.108 8,分化指数(G_(st))为0.369 0,基因流系数(N_m)为0.855 0,总的遗传变异中有36.9%的变异存在于群体间,群体内的变异63.1%,种群内存在明显分化。结论不同种源间的南方红豆杉存在一定的遗传变异,但不同种群间的南方红豆杉群体的相似度又比较高,亲缘关系较近。
Objective To analyze Taxus chinensis var. Mairei in 23 geographically provenances in Fujian Province to reveal the genetic diversity of provenances and populations, and to provide some theoretical basis for the collection and conservation of resources of Taxus chinensis. Methods RAPD markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of Taxus chinensis from 23 geographic provenances in Fujian Province. Results The number of observed alleles (Na) at the species level was 1.974 4, the number of effective alleles (N_e) was 1.603 8, the Nei’s gene diversity index (H) was 0.351 3, and Shannon’s diversity index (I) was 0.522 8. Taxus chinensis has higher genetic diversity among different provenances. Based on the analysis of genetic diversity of provenances and populations, we found that the genetic distance of Taxus mairei from 23 different provenances ranged from 0.240 4 to 0.912 0, and the genetic similarity ranged from 0.401 7 to 0.786 3.7 The range of genetic distance of populations of Taxus chinensis var. Mairei was 0.021 0 ~ 0.379 4, and the genetic similarity was 0.684 3 ~ 0.979 2. According to the Nei method, the genetic similarity (D st) of seven populations of Taxus chinensis var. Mairei was 0.108 8, the differentiation index (G st) was 0.369 0, the gene flow coefficient (N m) was 0.855 0, In the genetic variation, 36.9% of the variation exists in the population, 63.1% of the variation in the population, and the population is obviously differentiated. Conclusion There is some genetic variation in Taxus crassipes among different provenances. However, the similarity among different populations of Taxus chinensis is higher and the genetic relationship is closer.