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与深层致密岩石相比,相对疏松的近地表地层严重吸收了地震波的高频成分,降低了地震数据的分辨率和高频成分的信噪比。本文利用井中雷管激发、地面检波器接收的微测井直达波资料,通过分析近地表地层不同传播距离的地震直达波频谱信息差异,采用维纳滤波方法,进行近地表吸收补偿反滤波器的求取,将不同微测井测量点对应的近地表吸收补偿反滤波器应用于相应的叠前共检波点道集地震数据,完成了叠前地震数据的空变吸收衰减补偿,克服了叠后地震数据无法实现空变补偿的难题。叠前三维地震近地表吸收补偿后的数据,较补偿前地震数据的优势信噪比频带宽度明显拓宽,低频成分基本保持,反射信息量有较大程度增加,而且与合成记录吻合更好,能更好的满足地质解释的需要,提高解释精度。
Compared with the deep dense rocks, the relatively loose near surface strata seriously absorb the high frequency components of seismic waves and reduce the resolution of seismic data and the signal-to-noise ratio of high-frequency components. In this paper, we use the micro-logging direct-wave data received by the detonator excitation and ground-based geophones in the well. By analyzing the difference of the spectral information of direct-seeded seismic waves with different propagation distances in the near-surface layer, Wiener filtering method is used to calculate the near- The corresponding near-surface absorption compensation filter corresponding to the measurement points of different micro-wells is applied to the corresponding pre-stack seismogram data, and the space-time absorption attenuation compensation of the pre-stack seismic data is completed, which overcomes the post-stack seismic Data can not be achieved vacant compensation problems. Compared with pre-compensation seismic data, the band width of signal-to-noise ratio is obviously widened, the low frequency components are basically maintained and the amount of reflected information is increased to a great extent, which is in good agreement with the synthetic record Better meet the needs of geological interpretation, improve the accuracy of interpretation.