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亚当.斯密从研究人性入手,认为人类本性之目标有六个:自保、种的繁衍、秩序、幸福、种的完善以及自由。以此为理论预设,斯密对未来理想商业社会进行了勾勒,借此批判他所处的西欧社会之弊端,并提出相应的改革方案。斯密理想商业社会旨在实现人的幸福和自由。在这里,幸福与自由被赋予特定的内涵,这一内涵标志着斯密摆脱了后人给他贴上的标签:追求一种简单的布尔乔亚式的理想社会。
Adam Smith started from the study of human nature, thinking that there are six goals of human nature: self-protection, reproduction of species, order, happiness, perfection of species and freedom. Using this as a theoretical presupposition, Smith formulated the ideal business society in the future to criticize the malpractices in his Western European society and put forward corresponding reform proposals. Smith’s ideal business community aims to achieve human happiness and freedom. Here, happiness and freedom are endowed with specific connotations. This connotation signifies that Smith has got rid of the labels his descendants put on: the pursuit of a simple Bourgeois-style ideal society.