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低频成分的噪声是车内噪声的主要特征之一, 并对车辆的力度、轰鸣、烦恼等主观听觉感知特征产生影响, 本文的研究旨在建立车内低频噪声的主观声品质评价的参量和数学模型。首先采用听音和想象法等词汇描述进行主观问卷调查, 通过对调查得到描述词汇的统计分析, 得到了描述车内噪声低频特征的中文描述词-低沉。然后采用仿真头双耳记录的车内噪声信号进行实验室主观评价, 通过对评价结果的分析得到了影响低沉度感知的主要参量, 并由此建立了以 1/3 倍频程声压级、锐度和粗糙度为变量的低沉度参量的数学模型。采用成对比较法和语义细分法主观评价实验的结果验证了模型的准确性。结果表明, 低沉度模型的预测结果与主观评价结果具有很高的相关性, 从而证明了所提出模型的有效性。
The noise of low-frequency components is one of the main characteristics of the noise in the vehicle and affects the subjective auditory perception characteristics such as the strength, roar and annoyance of the vehicle. The research of this paper aims to establish the parameters and mathematics of the subjective sound quality evaluation of the low- model. Firstly, the subjective questionnaire survey is conducted by using the vocabulary description such as listening and imagination. Through the statistical analysis of the description words obtained from the survey, a Chinese descriptive word describing the low frequency feature of noise in the car is obtained. Then the subjective evaluation of laboratory noise was carried out by using the noise signal recorded by the binaural head of the simulation head. By analyzing the evaluation results, the main parameters influencing the perception of low level were obtained, and the sound pressure level of 1/3 octave band, Sharpness and Roughness are the mathematical models of low-order parameters of variables. Subjective evaluation of the results using paired comparison and semantic subdivision verified the accuracy of the model. The results show that the prediction results of low-level model have a high correlation with the subjective evaluation results, which proves the validity of the proposed model.