“另类小说”是俄罗斯20世纪80年代出现的一种影响较大的文学体裁,其作家具有多种创作艺术风格。他们或是倾向于解析为停滞固化、死气沉沉的生活所程式化的意识,或是注重揭示社会生活的种种阴暗面,或是通过社会和文化的三棱镜折射来拷问当代人的意识。尽管“另类小说”作家的创作各有特点,但其中仍有某种共性可探究。本文通过对《迪克斯坦大尉》、《驯顺的墓地》、《自己人的圈子》和《新莫斯科哲学》等文本的详细分析来揭示“另类小说”的创作实质。 “Alternative Novel” is a literary genre that has a great influence in Russia in the 1980s. Its writers have a variety of creative artistic styles. They tend to either interpret the stylized consciousness of stagnant, dead-end life, or reveal the dark side of social life, or torture contemporary consciousness through social and cultural prism refractions. Although the writing of “novel” writers has its own characteristics, there is still some commonality to explore. This article reveals the essence of the creation of “Alternative Novel” through a detailed analysis of such texts as “Captain Dickenson”, “Tomb of the Masses”, “Circle of One’s Own People” and “New Moscow Philosophy.”