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英语方位词“前后”、“上下”和“左右”构建了三种时间隐喻体系,其中“前后”和“上下”时间隐喻体系各包含了两种时间隐喻模式,“左右”时间隐喻体系只有一种隐喻模式。本文通过分析BNC口语子语料库得出结论,“左右”时间隐喻体系不存在语料实例,只有心理层面的表征;从总体上看,带有“前后”、“上下”、“左右”语义的单词用于表时间语义的情况不多;在“前后”和“上下”两种时间隐喻体系中,“前后”体系是表达时间语义的主流模式;两种隐喻体系中过去的时间使用最多,次之为将来时间,现在时间使用最少;“前后”时间模式一的使用频率比时间模式二的使用频率高,而“上下”时间模式二的使用频率比时间模式一的使用频率高,可见英语本族语者更习惯用“前”和“下”表较早或过去的时间,用“后”和“上”表较晚或将来的时间。通过研究以上三种时间体系,可深入了解英语时间的体系结构及其时间语义在实际使用中的特点,对中西跨文化交流以及翻译实践大有裨益,对英语教学也有启示作用。
The metaphorical system of time consists of English locatives “before and after ”, “up and down ” and “left and right ”, in which the metaphorical systems of “before and after” and “up and down” Mode, “left and right” time metaphor system has only one metaphorical mode. By analyzing the BNC colloquial corpus, we conclude that there is no corpus instance in the metaphorical system of “left and right”, only the representation of psychological level; on the whole, with “before and after”, “up and down” “Left and right” semantics are not often used in table-time semantics. Among the two time metaphors, “before” and “after”, the “before and after” system is the mainstream model for expressing time semantics; The past two kinds of metaphor systems use the most time in the past, and the second is the use of the least amount of time in the future and the present time. The usage frequency of the “before and after” time pattern 1 is higher than that of the time pattern two, and the “up and down” time pattern Second, the use of frequency than the frequency of the use of a high frequency pattern, we can see that English native speakers are more accustomed to using “before” and “next” table earlier or past time, with “after” and “ On ”table later or future time. By studying the above three time systems, we can get an in-depth understanding of the structure of English time and the characteristics of its temporal semantics in practice, which are of great benefit to intercultural communication and translation practice between China and the West and also have implications for English teaching.