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Objective:To evaluate the expression levels and correlations among the expressions of transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1) ,Runx3 andCD83 in colonic mucosal specimens fromIBS patients.Methods:A total of40 patients were selected, who were confirmed asIBS by RomeIII standard and40 healthy volunteers served as control.Colonic mucosal specimens of each subject were collected from colon sigmoideum with biopsy forceps.Runx3,TGF-β1, and CD83(the marker for immunecompetent mature dendritic cells(DCs) mRNA in the sigmoid colon tissue were measured by real-time fluorescence quantitativePCR.Results:Compared with the control group,CD83 mRNA expressions were higher in patients withIBS than in healthy controls (P<0.05) and were associated with runt-related transcription factor3(Runx3) mRNA levels(r=-0.361,P<0.05).Meanwhile,Runx3 mRNA levels were associated withTGF-β1 mRNA expressions in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) patients(r=0.402,P<0.05).However, there was no correlation between the mRNA expressions ofTGF-β1 andCD83(P>0.05).Conclusions:The increase of abnormal dendritic cells might influence the occurrence and development ofIBS.TGF-β1 signal pathway might not be involved inRunx3-regulated maturation of dendritic cells inIBS.