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我国的语言教学由对中国人的语文教学、外语教学、对少数民族的汉语教学和对外国留学生的汉语教学等四个方面组成。这四个方面的语言教学又可以划分为第一语言教学即母语教学和第二语言教学两大类。这四个方面、两大类的语言教学既有共同点，又有许多不同点。在当前形势下亟需把它们之间的异同搞清楚，以便在构建一个大的语言教育学科的同时，弄清各类语言教学分支学科的本质属性，从而把这些分支学科建设好。
China’s language teaching consists of four aspects: Chinese teaching for Chinese people, foreign language teaching, Chinese teaching for minorities and Chinese teaching to foreign students. The four aspects of language teaching can be divided into the first language teaching namely mother tongue teaching and second language teaching two categories. In these four aspects, the two major types of language teaching have both common ground and many different points. In the current situation, it is urgent to clarify the similarities and differences between them so as to build a large discipline of language education and at the same time clarify the essential attributes of various branches of language teaching so as to construct these branches of discipline.