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目的了解婴幼儿哺乳及乳类以外食物添加情况。方法选取2004年3月-2008年2月首都儿科研究所附属儿童医院儿童保健门诊收治的主诉有喂养困难或睡眠不实、哭闹、排便紊乱等症状与喂养相关的婴幼儿为调查对象,将中华医学会儿科学分会儿童保健学组婴幼儿喂养建议及美国儿科学会儿科护理教材作为喂养适宜的判定标准,采用医生与家长一对一访谈及统一调查问卷形式,详细询问家长就诊时哺乳和乳类以外食物添加情况。结果基本符合婴幼儿适宜推荐哺乳次数者仅占10.9%(97/886);多于推荐次数占82.6%(732/886),有6.4%(57/886)哺乳少于推荐次数。<4月龄、4~6月龄和>6月龄超过适宜推荐次数分别占各自月龄组的40.4%(19/47)、53.0%(87/164)、92.7%(626/675),随月龄增加超过适宜推荐频次者增多(χ2=104.137,P<0.001)。>4月龄婴幼儿有夜间哺乳行为者达86.5%(726/839),其中2次者占39.9%(355/839),>3次者占25.6%(214/839),夜间哺乳频次并没有随月龄增加而减少(χ2=28.869,P=0.017)。在<4月龄婴儿中,有12.8%(6/47)已经开始添加乳类以外食物;4~6月龄时添加者占67.7%(111/164);但6~9月龄、9~12月龄、12~36月龄尚未添加者分别占43.6%(144/330)、17.4%(32/184)、11.2%(18/161)。结论喂养问题婴幼儿哺乳频次和夜间哺乳偏多,乳类以外食物添加出现偏晚与偏早现象。
Objectives To understand the feeding of babies and infants with food other than milk. Methods From March 2004 to February 2008, the chief complaint of Child Health Clinic of Children’s Hospital affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics was to treat infants and young children who were fed or not with feeding difficulties or false sleep, crying and defecation disorders. Chinese Medical Association of Pediatrics Pediatrics Child Care Section feeding recommendations and the Pediatrics Pediatrics nursing textbooks as a suitable standard of judgment, the use of one-on-one interview with doctors and parents and the form of a unified questionnaire, asked in detail when the parents breast-feeding and lactation Add food outside the class. The results were basically consistent with infant recommended lactation frequency was only 10.9% (97/886); more than the recommended number accounted for 82.6% (732/886), 6.4% (57/886) less than the recommended number of breastfeeding. <4 months old, 4 ~ 6 months old and> 6 months old exceeded the appropriate recommended number of their respective monthly age groups accounted for 40.4% (19/47), 53.0% (87/164), 92.7% (626/675) With age increased more than the appropriate recommended frequency increased (χ2 = 104.137, P <0.001). > Four-month-old infants and young children had night-time breast-feeding behavior 86.5% (726/839), of which 39.9% (355/839) were twice, 25.6% (214/839)> 3 times and lactation frequency Did not decrease with age (χ2 = 28.869, P = 0.017). Among infants <4 months of age, 12.8% (6/47) had begun to add foods other than milk; 67.7% (111/164) of them were added at 4 to 6 months of age; At 12 months, those who did not participate in 12-36 months were 43.6% (144/330), 17.4% (32/184) and 11.2% (18/161), respectively. Conclusion Feeding infant and child breastfeeding frequency and breastfeeding more at night, the addition of milk food appear late and early phenomenon.