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中国古代科举制度,从隋朝大业三年(607)到清朝光绪三十一年(1905),1300年间相沿不替,是一项行之有效的人才选拔任用机制,在世界古代历史上都卓有影响,被视为一项公平的进步的制度。明清科举考试分童生考试、乡试、会试(包括殿试)三级,其中殿试由皇帝亲任主考官,在紫禁城保和殿举行。录取者分作三等,号称‘三甲’:一甲三名,赐进士及第,第一名称状元,二名榜眼,三名探花。本期‘状元书法’系列,推出馆藏清代9位状元的楹联书法作品各1件。这9人都颇具知名度,其书法也颇具造诣。其中包括乾隆时期名臣于敏中,‘三元及第’的陈继昌,近代实业家张謇,最后一位状元刘春霖。
The ancient imperial examination system in China was an effective mechanism of selecting and appointing qualified personnel for talent from the three years (607) of the sui dynasty to the thirty-one years (1905) of the qing dynasty (1905) Affect, be regarded as a fair system of progress. Imperial examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties sub-test, rural examinations, will try (including the test) three, one of the temple test by the emperor pro-examiner, held in the Forbidden City Baohedian. Applicants were divided into third class, known as the ’top three’: a top three, thanks to Scholars and first and first names champion, the second place, the third three. This issue of ’champion calligraphy’ series, launched a collection of 9 champion Qing Dynasty calligraphy works each one. These nine people are well-known, but also quite accomplished calligraphy. Among them were Chen Min-chang, a famous official in the Qianlong period, Chen Ji-chang, ’Sanyuanlidian’, Zhang Zhen, a modern industrialist, and Liu Chunlin, the last champion.