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明末清初至19世纪末,戏曲就有过一场大的变革——戏曲由雅向俗,由以曲牌联套体为主变为以板式变化体为主,由文人主导变为由艺人主导,由主要面向文人士大夫的小众艺术变为主要面向普通民众的大众艺术。这场被称作“花雅争胜”的变革,在19世纪末20世纪初以京剧代替昆曲主导全国多个大中城市的舞台而宣告结束。这是中国戏曲由古典走向现代的一个重要阶段。板式变化体是近代乃至当代戏曲的主要形式,不同于古典戏曲
From the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty to the end of the 19th century, there was a big change in the opera. The opera changed from elegant to vulgar, the main theme of the combination of the song and the card was the plate-shaped variation, the writer-led into the artist-led , Turned into a mass art mainly for ordinary people, from a minority art mainly directed to literati and doctor. This transformation, known as the “Winning Flowers,” came to an end in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries with the Beijing Opera replacing kunqu as the stage leading to the nation’s large and medium-sized cities. This is an important stage of Chinese opera from classical to modern. Plate change is the main form of modern and contemporary drama, different from the classical opera