人文主义语言学代表人物、普通语言学创始人洪堡特的核心论述方向是语言与人类思维的关系,这也通常被认做“语言相对论”的滥觞。认为洪堡特将人类语言划分为等级序列进而依据语言与思维的关系为人类思维划分序列是长期以来的理解误区之一,其论述对“萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说”的历史影响也存在着被夸大的问题。然而,洪堡特的研究方法与萨丕尔及沃尔夫的研究方法存在路径上的差异,对其的合一有着理论上的逻辑矛盾。洪堡特对人类和民族文化予以尊重,其最终旨归也在于对文化和历史的肯定。 Humboldt, the representative of humanistic linguistics and the founder of ordinary linguistics, focuses on the relationship between language and human thinking, which is also often considered as the beginning of “language relativity.” It is one of the long-time misunderstandings that Humboldt classifies the human language as a hierarchical sequence and then delineates the sequence of human minds according to the relationship between language and thinking. The dissertation discusses the historical impact on the Sapir-Wolf hypothesis There are also exaggerated problems. However, Humboldt’s research methods and Sapir and Wolff’s research methods there are differences in the path, there is a theoretical logical unity of its unity. Humboldt respected human and ethnic cultures, and his final purpose was also to affirm culture and history.