独特型或独特型决定簇(Idiotypie determinant,下称Id)存在于抗体分子的可变区(V区)。Oudin最初将抗体分子V区一小组特有的位点称为抗原决定簇,独特型决定簇据认为是抗体可变区的造传标记。针对均一的免疫球蛋白(如骨髓瘤蛋白或Bence-Jones氏蛋白)制备的抗血清,经适当的吸收以后,仅能与相应免疫原的骨髓瘤蛋白起反应,而不能与其他骨髓瘤和抗体起反应。根据骨髓瘤蛋白抗原的个体特异性研究,以后发展到 Idiotypie determinants (Id) exist in the variable region (V region) of an antibody molecule. Oudin originally named a small group of epitopes specific to the V region of an antibody molecule as antigenic determinants, and idiotype determinants are known as transitory markers of antibody variable regions. Antisera prepared against a homogeneous immunoglobulin (such as myeloma protein or Bence-Jones’s protein), after appropriate absorption, will only react with the myeloma protein of the corresponding immunogen but not with other myeloma and antibodies React. According to the individual specificity of myeloma protein antigens, later developed