新史学兴起的积极效果之一便是淡化了历史学与社会学的边界,人力车夫、舞女、传染病人等“小人物”或“弱势群体”都成为史学界关注的热点。本文拟根据学界尚未使用过的新资料,对民国初年青年会在浙江的扫盲运动,做一详细的论证。文章认为,从董景安到晏阳初、陶行知,民国初年浙江基督教社会公益教育从单纯依赖社会发展到社会和国家共同参与,建构了一个以社会公益教育为主题的公共领域。在此公共领域中,随着失学的贫儿和贫民受教育权利的被满足,平民教育的倡导者们所期待的一个真正的“国民”正在形成中,由此,真正的“民国”亦在形成中。 One of the positive effects of the rise of new historiography has been to dilute the boundaries of history and sociology. Rickshaw pullers, dancing girls, infectious patients, and other “little people” or “disadvantaged groups” have become the hot spots of interest in historiography. Based on the new information that has not been used by the academic circles, this article will give a detailed demonstration of the anti-illiteracy movement of the Youth League of China in the early Republic of China. The article holds that from Dong Jingan to Yan Yangchu and Tao Xingzhi, in the early Republic of China, the social welfare education of Zhejiang Christianity had relied on the social development to the common participation of the society and the state, and constructed a public sphere with the theme of public welfare education. In this public sphere, as the poor children who are out of school and the poor have the right to education, a genuine “national”, which proponents of civilian education expect, is being formed. As a result, the true “Republic of China ”Is also forming.