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林木由于生命周期长,且广泛存在异体受精,杂合性很高,这给常规育种带来一系列困难。无论是纯系的获得,控制杂种分离,还是选择时排除显隐性干拢,以及对林木经济性状遗传规律的研究等都是难以实现的。但应用花药培养诱导单倍体,并通过染色体加倍的方法则可相当迅速的获得纯系,这已经在农业单倍体的育种实践中充分得到证实(1)(2)(3)(4)。这一方法如果在林木育种中采用则不仅可以提高选择效率,大幅度地缩短育种年限,而且也为杂种优势的利用,远缘杂交和人工诱变等提供了
Due to the long life cycle of trees and the widespread heterogeneity of fertilization, the heterozygosity is high, which brings about a series of difficulties for conventional breeding. It is hard to be achieved whether it is obtained from pure lines, controlling segregation of hybrids, or excluding hidden recessions when selecting, and studying the genetic laws of forest economic traits. However, the use of anther culture to induce haploids, and through the chromosome doubling method can be obtained fairly quickly, which has been fully demonstrated in agricultural haploid breeding practice (1) (2) (3) (4) . This method, if used in tree breeding, not only improves selection efficiency, shortens the breeding time, but also provides advantages for heterosis utilization, distant hybridization and artificial mutagenesis