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本文从岩石表层劣化角度,对绵阳北山院摩崖造像及刻经的病害特征进行研究。首先界定了岩石表层劣化的概念,调查分析了该摩崖造像及刻经岩石表层劣化类型及分布特点,然后对新鲜岩石和四种典型岩石表层劣化样品的主要指标进行了测试分析,最后探讨了四种典型岩石表层劣化的成因。结果表明:表面粉状脱落、表面粒状脱落、表层片壳状剥离、表层片层状剥落四种典型岩石表层劣化的发生均受水的作用明显,主要为地下水渗流、水流冲蚀、水分蒸发等产生的水盐运移破坏和溶解、水解、水化等化学风化所致。
In this paper, from the perspective of the degradation of rock surface, the paper made a study on the characteristics of the cliffs and the carved characters of the cliffs in Beishanyuan in Mianyang. Firstly, the concept of surface degradation of rock was defined. The type and distribution characteristics of surface deterioration of the cliff and carved rock were investigated and analyzed. The main indexes of fresh rock and four typical samples of surface rock deterioration were tested and analyzed. Finally, Causes of the typical rock surface degradation. The results show that the surface degradation of four typical rocks, such as surface powder shedding, granular granular shedding, shell peel-off and lamellar peeling, are affected by water obviously, mainly including seepage of groundwater, erosion of water stream, evaporation of water, etc. The resulting water and salt transport damage and dissolution, hydrolysis, hydration and other chemical weathering.