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对外开放与经济发展的关系一直是国际经济学界关注的研究领域。20世纪80年代后期以来,国际经济学界在测量开放度的方法上取得了新的突破,使得对外开放与经济发展相互关系的研究再度趋热。当代发展经济学家以开放度作为切入点,考察了在发展中国家背景之下开放度与收入不平等、人力资本形成、工业化、技术转移之间的关联,并得出了重要的研究结论。本文首先概述测量开放度的新方法,然后就当代发展经济学家在上述四个领域取得的最新研究成果做一评述。
The relationship between opening to the outside world and economic development has always been a research area of concern to the international economic community. Since the late 1980s, the international economic community has made new breakthroughs in the method of measuring the degree of openness, making the study on the interrelationship between the opening up and economic development again heated up. Contemporary development economists use openness as a starting point and examine the connection between openness and income inequality, human capital formation, industrialization and technology transfer in the context of developing countries and draw important conclusions. The paper begins with an overview of the new approach to measure openness and then reviews the latest developments made by contemporary development economists in these four areas.