Nanofibrous carbonaceous materials (NFC) as a new class of materials having many applications, can catalyze the selective oxidation of H2S to sulfur. The correlation between NFC structure and its activity and selectivity in H2S oxidation was determined. It is demonstrated that selectivity can be improved if NFC with more ordered structure be synthesized and the portion of the original catalyst in carbon be reduced by increasing the carbon accumulated in the catalyst. The correlation between NFC structure and its activity and selectivity in H2S oxidation was determined. It is demonstrated that the selectivity can be improved if NFC with more ordered structure be synthesized and the portion of the original catalyst in carbon be reduced by increasing the carbon accumulated in the catalyst.