新目标九年级Units11—12疑难解析

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  Unit 11
  
  1.get some information about the town打听城镇的有关情况
  get some information about the town是“询问有关城镇的信息”的意思。about与on都可以表示“关于”之意,组成介词短语作后置定语,但在用法上稍有区别。用on时,常表示严肃的或学术性的,是供专门研究用的,在书面语中用得较多;用about时,表示内容较普通,不太正式,口语中用的较多。例如:
  I bought a textbook on Chinese history.昨天我买了一本关于中国历史的教科书。
  He gave Li Ming a book about Africa and its people.
  他给了李明一本关于非洲和非洲人的书。
  2.make a telephone call 打电话
  make a telephone call是“打电话”的意思。英语中打电话的说法多种多样:
   A.用telephone/phone表示:telephone/phone sb.,telephone/phone to sb.;
  B.用call表示:call sb., give a call, call to sb., call sb. up;
  C.用ring表示: ring up, give a ring, ring sb. up。
  随着科学技术的迅猛发展,各种通讯工具的普及,使人们的沟通无限,天涯若比邻,交流轻松方便。在生活节奏加快的今天,telephone的作用越来越大。朋友们,你知道西方人是怎样打电话的吗?
  西方人打电话时,形成了一些固定的说法,养成了一定的习惯,在电话铃响了之后,往往拿起听筒先说一句“Hello”,然后告诉对方自己的电话号码,以防别人打错。如果要询问对方是谁时,常用“Who is that speaking? Who is that? May I ask who’s calling?”等,但是不能问“Who are you?”。想让某人接电话时,常说“May I speak to…?”。告诉对方自己是谁时,常用“This is…speaking.”。让对方稍等时用“Hold on (for a moment), please. Just a moment, please. Hold the line, please.”。询问对方是否需要转达时,常用“May I take a message for you?”。
  3. Can you please tell me where I can get a dictionary?请问,你能告诉我在哪儿能买到词典吗?
  get a dictionary是“买本词典”的意思,此处get相当于buy。get一词主要有“得到,获得,挣到,买到”之意,常跟名词作宾语;如果get之后跟有双宾语时,常译成“拿来,取来”;如果get之后跟有复合宾语时,宾语的补足语常用名词、代词、动词不定式来充当。例如:
  He got a letter yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午他收到了一封信。
  She got a new coat from the store.她从这家商店买了一件新外套。
  Get me a cup of tea.=Get a cup of tea for me.给我拿杯茶。
  I’ll get more men to do it. 我要叫更多的人来做这件事。
  Be sure and get Mr. Smith to come. 一定要请史密斯先生来。
  4. Take the escalator to the second floor.乘扶手电梯到二楼。
  escalator“电梯”,指开放式的,有扶手的倾斜上下的电梯。
  楼房林立,是现代化城市的象征,但是英国人和美国人住在同一层楼上,却有不同的表达法。美国人表达楼层时与中国人的习惯相同,分别是:the first floor, the second floor, the third floor;而英国人表达楼层时与美国人、中国人的表达差一层,分别是:the ground floor, the first floor, the second floor。例如:
  Bob and his family lived on the third floor.(美国)=Bob and his family lived on the second floor.(英国) 鲍勃和他的家人住在三楼。
  5. Excuse me. Do you know where I can exchange money? 请问,你知道我能在哪儿兑换钱吗?
  exchange主要意思有“交换;以……换……;兑换”。可用来指“交换礼品”,“调换座位”,“兑换钱币”等等。但是需要注意:“换车”要用change train。例如:
  Can I exchange an apple for two oranges?我可以用一个苹果换两个桔子吗?
  Can I exchange foreign money for Chinese here?我能在这儿把外币兑换成人民币吗?
  You can change the train at the Zhengzhou Railway Station.你可以在郑州火车站换车。
  6. After school, a lot of young people go to the mall. 放学后,很多年轻人喜欢到商业街去。
  a lot of是“许多”的意思。英语中表示“许多”的词语很多,用法各不相同,只用于修饰可数名词的“许多”有:many, a great many, a big number of, big numbers of 等。只用于修饰不可数名词的“许多”有:much, a great deal of, a great amount of等。既可修饰可数名词,又可修饰不可数名词的“许多”有:a lot of, lots of, plenty of等。例如:
  A great many books have been published this year.今年出版了许多书。
  A great amount of money was spent on the bridge. 修建这座桥花了许多钱。
  There are a lot of people at the mall. 商业街上有许多人。
  There is a lot of milk in the glass.杯子里有许多牛奶。
  7. Go out the front door and turn right.从前门出去向右拐。
  (1) go out常见的含义有:“出去;出国;发出去,贴出去;灯光熄灭;服装不时兴”等意思。例如:
  Mr. Green went out last month. He would spend his vacation in Australia.
  格林先生上个月出国了,他将在澳大利亚度假。
  The electric light went out when I wanted to write a letter last night.
  昨晚当我要写信时,电灯灭了。
  Your clothes go out of date. 你的服装过时了。
  (2) front是个名词,意思是“正面,前面,前部”,反义词是back,在它与in和of组成的介词短语中,有无定冠词the差别很大,in front of 是“在……的前面”指在某个范围之外,in the front of是“在……前部”指在某个范围之内。例如:
  Please stand in a line in front of the classroom. 请在教室前面站成一行。(教室外面)
  Please stand in a line in the front of the classroom. 请在教室前面站成一行。(教室里面)
  8. I’ve been collecting them for many years.我已经集邮很多年了。
  have been collecting意思是“已经收集了……”,是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时由“have/has been+现在分词”构成。主要表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作,这个动作可能仍然在进行,也可能停止了一会儿。例如:
  How long has it been raining? 雨下了多久了?
  Where have you been? What have you been doing? 你到哪儿去了?你干什么去了?
  We’ve just been talking about you.我们正在谈论着有关你的话题。
  I’ve been sitting here all the afternoon.我在这儿坐了一下午了。
  9. Can you tell me where to park my car?你能告诉我把车停在什么地方吗?
  park用作动词时,意思是“停放车;留下某人;寄存某物”。park用作名词时,意为“公园”。例如:
  You can’t park in this street.这条街道不准停车。
  Your car is badly parked.你的汽车放得不好。
  No parking!禁止停车!
  Park your luggage here while you buy tickets.你去买票,行李放在这儿吧。
  Please park yourself in that sofa while I make you a cup of tea.
  你坐在那个沙发上,我给你沏茶去。
  The children have gone to play in the park. 孩子们到公园玩耍去了。
  Many old people like to exercise in the park early in the morning.
  许多老年人喜欢大清早到公园里活动。
  10. “Where are the restrooms?” and “Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?” are similar requests—both are correct English, but the first could sound rude.
  “洗手间在哪儿?” 与“你能告诉我洗手间在哪儿吗?” 是相似的请求 ——都是正确的英语,但第一种听起来不太有礼貌。
  ask与request都是“问,请求”的意思。ask=when making a request for somebody to do something主要用于让某人干某事,是最通俗、最口语化的词。request=when you politely or officially ask for something作动词时,主要用于庄重的讲话和书面语中,如通告、海报等。request多用于被动语态中。同时request也可以作名词讲,表示“请求”。 例如:
  I asked her to shut the window.我让她关上窗子。
  They often ask me to dinner.他们经常请我吃饭。
  Passengers are kindly requested not to smoke at the buffet counter.
  乘客请勿在自助餐附近吸烟。
  All I request of you is that you should be an honest boy.
  我对你的全部要求是你应该做个诚实的孩子。
  11. You would not usually say, “Peter, lend me your pen.”通常你不说,“彼得,把你的钢笔借给我用用。”
   lend是“将自己的东西暂时借给别人使用”,表示“借给……”之意,故译为“借出”;其搭配介词为to。在某些场合下,“lend…to”可以表示“给予;赋予”之意。例如:
  Will you lend me your car?你可否把汽车借给我用一下?
  I’m sorry. I’ve already lent my car to Mr. Wang. 对不起,我已经把我的汽车借给王先生了。
  A fireplace lends coziness to a room. 壁炉给房间带来温暖舒适之感。
  A becoming dress lends charm to a lady. 合身的服装会给女士增添魅力。
  The rural environment lent itself to the restoration of his health.
  乡村的环境有助于他恢复健康。
  12. For example, if you stop a stranger in the street, we might first say, “Excuse me, I wonder if you can help me” or “I’m sorry to trouble you but,” before asking them for help. 例如,如果你在大街上拦住一位陌生人,在请求帮助之前我们可能首先要说,“打扰一下,我想知道你是否能帮我的忙”或者说“对不起,打扰一下”。
  wonder作为动词,意思是“(对……)感到惊讶,想知道,(对……)感到怀疑”,常见的用法有:后接who, what, why 等引导的宾语从句。wonder后接that引导的宾语从句时,表示“感到惊讶”。 wonder后接if 或whether引导的宾语从句时,表委婉的请求或疑问。当wonder与介词at连用时,表示“感到惊讶;感到疑惑”。当wonder后接about短语时,表示“对……感到疑惑”。例如:
  I wonder who she is.我想知道她是谁。
  He wondered what happened. 他想知道发生了什么事。
  I wonder that she has won the race. 我对她赢了比赛感到惊讶。
  I wonder that he was off office. 他下岗了,我对此感到惊讶。
  I wonder if you would mind giving me a hand. 我不知道你是否能帮我一下。
  She wondered whether you were free that morning. 她想知道你那天上午是否有空。
  I wonder at your allowing her to do such a thing.我对你允许她做那件事感到惊讶。
  I don’t wonder at his words. 我对他所说的话并不感到惊讶。
  I wonder about my future. 我对我的未来感到困惑。
  I was wondering about that. 我对那事感到新奇。
  
  Unit 12
  
  1. We often just drop by our friends’ homes.我们经常到我们的朋友家去拜访。
  drop by是“访问,拜访”,指偶然的或顺路去看望某人,与drop in/drop in on sb.是同义结构,这类词组多用于口语中,不常用于正式场合,不如visit庄重、正式。例如:
  He dropped by his friend’s house when he came back from work.
  他下班回来时,到他朋友的家里坐了坐。
  Would you drop in this evening?今天晚上你顺便来一下好吗?
  She dropped in on Mary when she did some shopping. 她去买东西时,顺便看望了一下玛丽。
  2. In China, you’re not supposed to pick up your bowl of rice.在中国,你不应该端起你的饭碗。
  pick up是一个使用频率很高的词语,它有很多含义。
  (1) pick up“拎起,拾起,捡起”的意思。例如:
  He picked up the bowl of rice and ate it up.他端起饭碗把饭吃光了。
  Pick up the box by the handles, please. 抓住把手把手提箱提起来。
  (2) pick up “收拾,收集”的意思。例如:
  Please pick up the toys when you’ve finished playing.你玩过后请把玩具收拾好。
  He picked up empty bottles in the park and kept it clean.
  他在公园里捡拾空瓶子,使公园保持清洁。
  (3) pick up “取物,接人”的意思。例如:
  I’m going to pick up my coat from the cleaner’s. 我打算去洗衣店取我的大衣。
  The train stopped to pick up passengers. 火车停下来搭乘客。
  (4) pick up“恢复精神,恢复生机”的意思。例如:
  He is beginning to pick up.他的健康正在渐渐恢复。
  Trade is picking up again.商业情况在好转。
  (5) pick up“加快速度”的意思。例如:
  The train picked up speed.火车加快了速度。
  Let’s see how fast you can pick up from a standing start.
  看看你站着起跑后能加速多快。
  3. point at anyone with your chopsticks 用筷子指人
  point 是个兼类词,作动词时常用作不及物动词,意思是“指,指向”,point 常与介词/副词构成一些固定的搭配,相当于一个及物动词。point to 是“指向”,表示所指的物体较近;point at 也是“指向”的意思,表示所指的物体较远,而point out则是“指出”的意思。例如:
  The building points to the south.这座大楼朝南。
  She was pointing her finger at me. 她用手指着我。
  Point out the man who did it.把干这事的人指出来。
  4. People in Japan and people in America behave differently at the dinner table. 在日本和美国的人们在饭桌上的表现是不同的。
  (1)behave 意思是“行为,举止,态度;开动,运转”,前三个意思多用来指人,后面的意思多用来指机器等。 例如:
  She behaves to me more like a friend than a manager.
  她对我的态度不像个经理,更像个朋友。
  Boys, please behave yourselves.孩子们,注意你们的举止。
  How is the new machine behaving? 新机器开起来怎么样?
  (2)at the table意为“在桌子旁边”,而“at table”则表示“正在吃饭”。例如:
  It’s not polite to laugh at table. 吃饭时大笑是不礼貌的。
  The man sat at the table and asked for a cup of tea. 那个男人坐在桌子旁,要了一杯茶。
  5. This is because they come from a computer program called ICQ, which means I seek you.这是因为它们来自一个名叫ICQ的电脑程序,它的意思是“我追寻你”。
  seek“找,寻觅”,是书面用语,是个古雅的词;look for多用于口语,是较通俗的说法;search比look for稍正式,宾语一般为地点;寻找某人或某物时常在后面加for; ask for语气最强,有命令、强迫等含义。例如:
  He is seeking a job.他正在找工作。
  Are you seeking a quarrel?你在寻衅吵架吗?
  Frank is looking for his lost pen.弗兰克正在寻找他丢失的钢笔。
  Mr. Smith searched every room in the house.史密斯先生搜查了那幢房子的所有房间。
  They searched the wood for the lost child. 他们在树林里寻找丢失的孩子。
  She asked for time to think all this over. 她要求给她时间把这一切好好想想。
  6. But you are supposed to type quickly so the other person doesn’t get bored, so using e-mail English helps you write quickly.但是你的字必须得打得很快,这样才不会令人厌烦,因此使用电子邮件能帮助你快速地打字。
  bored是个形容词,意思是“令人厌烦的,讨厌的”,它是由动词bore变来的。-ing结尾的形容词多用来表示物体的属性,主语往往是物而不是人;-ed结尾的形容词多用来表示感受,主语是人而不是物。例如:
  I think the class is boring. 我认为这节课令人讨厌。
  I’m bored; let’s go to the cinema.我闷了,咱们去看电影吧。
  I hope you are not getting bored by my conversation.但愿我的话没让你厌烦。
  7. E-mail English mostly uses two kinds of words.电子邮件中主要使用两种类型的单词。
  mostly 和most作为副词,其含义和用法稍有差别。most是指“最大程度地”或“极度地”,强调程度的极限;mostly是指“主要地”或“大部分的”,强调数量的众多。 例如:
  This story is the most interesting in the book.这个故事是这本书中最有趣的故事。
  She is the most beautiful girl in the town. 她是这个城里最漂亮的姑娘。
  There are many foreign students in our university, mostly South Koreans.
  我们大学里有很多外国学生,大部分是韩国人。
  I telephone to my parents every week, mostly on Sundays.
  我每周给我父母打电话,大部分都在星期天。
  8. It’s made with a colon and a right bracket beside it. 它是由一个冒号加旁边的一个右括号组成的。
  beside与besides,原先这两个词都可以作副词且可以互换使用。beside现在只用作介词,意思是“在……旁边,附近”(at or by the side of)。besides作介词时,意思是“除……之外,(还有)”。besides作副词时,意为“而且;还有;再说”。 例如:
  Come and sit beside me. 过来坐在我身边。
  I keep a dictionary beside me when I’m doing crosswords.
  我在做填字游戏时,手边总是放着一本字典。
  There will be five of us for dinner, besides John.除了约翰,还有我们五个人要一起吃饭。
  No one has written to me besides you. 除了你之外,没有人给我写过信。
  I don’t like the dress, besides, it’s too expensive.
  我不喜欢这件连衣裙,而且,它也太贵了。
  Most adults have no time to watch cartoons, besides, they don’t like the characters in them.
  大多数成年人没有时间看动画片,再说,他们也不喜欢里面的人物。
  9. I guess you should have asked what you were supposed to… 我觉得你本应该问问你要……
  “should+have+过去分词”结构意思是“本应该……”,暗含“事实并非如此”之意。例如:
  The little plants have been burnt by the sun. You should have watered them earlier.
  幼苗都被晒干了,你早该给它们浇水了。
  I should have phoned Mike this morning, but I forgot.
  今天上午我本该给迈克打电话,但我忘了。
  We should have met at 2:40, but she didn’t turn up until 3:50.
  我们本该2:40会面,但她到3:50才到。
  10. Often we just walk around the town center, seeing as many of our friends as we can! 通常我们在市中心散步,尽可能多见到一些我们的朋友!
  (1)seeing as many of our friends as we can为现在分词短语作状语,现在分词作状语时表示伴随、时间、原因、条件、结果、行为方式等。例如:
  The old man sat in the sun, listening to the radio. 老人坐在阳光下听收音机。(表伴随)
  Passing by the house, he saw a girl playing the piano.
  他经过那所房子时,看见一个女孩在弹钢琴。(表时间)
  Being ill, he couldn’t attend the meeting. 他因病不能参加会议。(表原因)
  Turning to the left, you’ll find a bookstore. 向左转,你会看到一家书店。(表条件)
  His father died, leaving him nothing. 他父亲去世了,什么也没给他留下。(表结果)
  (2)as…as sb. can…指“尽可能……地”,相当于as…as possible, as…as中间用副词或形容词,跟形容词时,后可接名词。例如:
  They ran as fast as they could/possible.他们尽量跑快点儿。
  You can buy as many books as you can/possible. 你可以尽可能多地买书。
  11. It’s even better than I thought it would be. 比我原来想象的要好。
  (1)even作副词,意为“甚至”,要注意其位置,应靠近它所强调的词或短语。例如:
  The next morning Jenny got up even earlier. 第二天早晨詹妮起得更早。
  In fact, I feel even worse. 真的,我觉得更不舒服了。
  (2)在形容词或副词的比较级前,常有一些副词或短语来修饰它们,表示“比原来更……”或“……得多”。这些词语常用的有:still, even, much, far, a lot, a great deal, a little, any等。例如:
  He is now working still harder than ever. 他现在比以往更努力了。
  This problem is even more difficult than that one. 这道题甚至比那道题更难。
  This picture is far better than that one. 这幅画比那幅画好得多。
  12. And I had not just one set to use, but two or three of each. 而且每种不是只有一件,而是两三件。
  not…but…意为“不是……而是……”,这是一个连词词组,连接两个并列成分,在意思上表示转折。例如:
  He is not American but English. 他不是美国人而是英国人。(连接两个表语)
  The boy can’t read or write in English, but can speak English fluently.
  这个男孩不能读英语和写英语,但能流利地说英语。(连接两个谓语)
  They don’t need money but time. 他们不需要钱,而需要时间。(连接两个宾语)
  Not the students but the teacher is hoping to go there.
  不是学生们而是老师希望去那儿。(连接两个主语)
  [注意]not…but…连接两个主语时,谓语动词要与紧靠它的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
  Not the teacher but the students are hoping to go there. 不是老师而是学生们想去那儿。
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