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颅内出血临床上分为损伤性和非损伤性(即自发性)两大类。出血可来源于动脉、静脉或毛细血管。可发生子蛛网膜下腔,脑实质和硬脑膜下等。现把婴儿期(出生后1月—1岁)常见的自发性颅内出血在病因,临床表现,诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗等方面加以综述如下: 一、病因婴儿期自发性颅内出血以下列原因多见: (一) 获得性凝血酶原复合因子缺乏。出血性疾患可由1.血管壁异常,2.血小板量或质的变化,3.凝血机制障碍引起。在凝血异常引起的出血性疾病中,包括血液中凝血因子缺乏或抗凝物质增多,均可发生出血倾向。凝血过程可分三个阶段:第一阶段——血液凝血活素形成期:通过内在系统(血液系统)及外在系统(组织系统)两种途径形成血液凝血活素。第二阶段——凝血酶形成期。第三阶段——纤维蛋白形成期。
Intracranial hemorrhage is divided into two categories of injury and non-injury (ie, spontaneous). Bleeding can come from arteries, veins or capillaries. Sub-subarachnoid space may occur, parenchymal brain and subdural and so on. Now in infancy (after birth 1-year-old 1 year) common spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage in etiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, etc. are summarized as follows: First, the etiology of spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage during infancy for the following reasons See: (A) Acquired prothrombin complex factor deficiency. Hemorrhagic disorders can be caused by 1. Abnormal vascular wall, 2. Changes in platelet mass or quality, 3. Clotting mechanism caused by obstacles. Hemorrhagic disease caused by abnormal coagulation, including the lack of blood clotting factor or increased anticoagulant substances, can occur bleeding tendency. The clotting process can be divided into three stages: The first stage - the blood thromboplastin formation period: through the intrinsic system (blood system) and the external system (tissue system) in two ways to form blood thrombolytic activity. The second phase - thrombin formation period. The third stage - fibrin formation period.