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即时检测(POCT)是在病人旁边或现场进行的检测,因其简单、快速、便携且不受场所限制已成为目前体外分子诊断技术发展的一支风向标。而生物传感器以其快速、灵敏、高效、便携及易于自动化、微型化等优点在发展现场即时检测技术中具有非常大的潜力。近年来,随着生物传感技术、互联网技术的发展及各种新技术、新方法的兴起和融合,POCT技术和方法得到了实质性发展。本文简要介绍了生物传感器的分类和生物传感器在POCT中的应用现状,综述了近年来各类生物传感器在面向POCT检测应用的研究进展。生物传感器根据类型主要分为基于微流控芯片的生物传感器、基于纸的生物传感器、基于纳米材料的生物传感器、基于手机检测平台的生物传感器及集成的生物传感器等,并对这些传感器平台在POCT检测方面的应用做了阐述,最后对生物传感器在POCT应用中存在的问题进行了讨论,并对其发展趋势及前景做了展望。
Instantaneous detection (POCT) is a test performed beside the patient or in the field. Because of its simplicity, speed, portability and unrestricted location, POCT has become a benchmark for the development of molecular diagnostic techniques in vitro. However, biosensors have great potential in the field of real-time detection technology due to their advantages of being fast, sensitive, efficient, portable and easy to automate and miniaturized. In recent years, with the development of biosensing technology, Internet technology and the rise and integration of various new technologies and new methods, POCT technologies and methods have been developed substantially. This paper briefly introduces the classification of biosensors and the application of biosensors in POCT. The research progress of biosensors for POCT detection in recent years is reviewed. Biosensors are mainly classified into microfluidic chip-based biosensors, paper-based biosensors, nanomaterial-based biosensors, cell-phone-based biosensors, and integrated biosensors. These sensors are used in POCT The application of biosensor in POCT is discussed. The development trend and prospect of biosensor are also discussed.